{"id":9033,"date":"2020-01-02T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-02T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=9033&preview=true&preview_id=9033"},"modified":"2020-01-03T08:29:03","modified_gmt":"2020-01-03T05:29:03","slug":"topraktan-kente-tarimsal-burjuvazi-engeller","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/topraktan-kente-tarimsal-burjuvazi-engeller\/","title":{"rendered":"Topraktan kente tar\u0131msal burjuvazi: Engeller"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

“Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ler, 18. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa\u2019da ba\u015flayan sanayile\u015fm<\/em>e-end\u00fcstrile\u015fme ve yeni ticaret ve t\u00fcccar burjuvazisinin t\u00fcreme s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ile atba\u015f\u0131 giden ve sanayile\u015fmeyi tetikleyen hatta belirleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7lerdir. Biriken sermaye ile kapitalist ekonominin olu\u015ftu\u011fu, olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerdir. Yine \u00f6zellikle din-siyaset, din-ekonomi, din-tahakk\u00fcm\/hegemonya olgusunun ulus devletler \u00fczerinden \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlendi\u011fi, ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerdir.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Yazar\u0131n daha \u00f6nce \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sunmu\u015f oldu\u011fumuz \u201cTopraktan Kente Tar\u0131msal Burjuvazi\u201d yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sunuyoruz.<\/em><\/p>\n

…<\/h4>\n

\u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131na ge\u00e7mek ne d<\/strong>emektir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u201c\u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131\u201d <\/em>a\u015famas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmesi demek bana g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201ctam katma d<\/em>e\u011fer\u201d<\/em> a\u015famas\u0131na ge\u00e7mek demektir. Burada \u201ctam katma de\u011fer\u201d<\/em> tan\u0131mlamas\u0131n\u0131 kullanmay\u0131 tercih etmemdeki sebep, \u00f6nceki a\u015famalarda katma de\u011fer yarat\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi bir yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmaya yol a\u00e7mamak i\u00e7indir. Do\u011fal olan, birincil \u00fcretim d\u00fczeylerini k\u0131smen d\u0131\u015far\u0131da tutarak sanayi a\u015famas\u0131nda yarat\u0131lan katma de\u011feri g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemektir. Katma de\u011fer a\u015famas\u0131 ise \u00fclkemizin uluslararas\u0131 tar\u0131msal pazar arenas\u0131ndaki en, en zay\u0131f noktas\u0131<\/em>d\u0131r. <\/em>Bu nedenle temel hedef uluslararas\u0131 pazar olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden geldi\u011fimiz noktadaki tam katma de\u011fer<\/em> a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 ihracat\u00e7\u0131 <\/em>a\u015famas\u0131ndan ba\u015flatmak istiyorum.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7an bu sorunun ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel birikimin sonucu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne sermek; bunun fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmak; niye ve neden satam\u0131yoruz; niye ve neden k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck sorular\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda dikkatleri bu y\u00f6ne toplamak, belki de bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n en \u00f6nemli amac\u0131d\u0131r. Hatta s\u00fcrecin bundan sonraki a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 anlatmaya, a\u00e7maya bile gerek kalmayacakt\u0131r. Katma de\u011feri y\u00fcksek \u00fcretim ve d\u0131\u015f ticaretin<\/em>, toprak\u2013\u00e7ift\u00e7i\u2013\u00fcretim\u2013kurumsall\u0131k-profesyonellik <\/em>birikimden gelen tar\u0131msal sanayi\/ci, ihracat\u00e7\u0131 portf\u00f6y\u00fcnden<\/em> gelmesinin ne kadar faydal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum. Hatta burada bir k\u0131r\u0131lman\u0131n oldu\u011funu ve buradan ciddi bir ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k sorununun olu\u015ftu\u011funu \u00f6zellikle vurgulamak istiyorum.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 pazardaki rekabet<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Pazardaki rekabetin ana unsurlar\u0131ndan birinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fim de\u011fe<\/em>ri<\/em> oldu\u011funu; \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fim de\u011ferini ise \u00fcr\u00fcne ait nicel ve nitel de\u011ferlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00fcr\u00fcn sahibinin ve \u00fcreticisinin \u00f6zg\u00fcn de\u011ferlerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011funu s\u00f6ylersem uluslararas\u0131 rekabetteki<\/em> en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rleri de s\u00f6ylemi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131m. Bu tespiti yapt\u0131ktan sonra ise toprak ve \u00e7ift\u00e7iden ba\u015flay\u0131p \u201culuslararas\u0131 rekabet\u00e7ili\u011fe\u201d<\/em> kadar uzanan yolculu\u011fun sonucunu ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 <\/em>belirtmeme gerek kalmaz diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ift\u00e7ilikten uluslararas\u0131 rekabet\u00e7ili\u011fe ge\u00e7i\u015f<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u015eimdi bu noktada; \u201c\u00f6nce \u00e7ift\u00e7i, sonra i\u015fletmeci, sonra tar\u0131msal sanayici, sonra ihracat\u00e7\u0131, sonra uluslararas\u0131 rekabet\u00e7i\u201d<\/em> olma politika amac\u0131n\u0131n yolculu\u011fundaki \u201ctar\u0131msal burjuvazinin\u201d<\/em> ve bu \u201cyap\u0131n\u0131n\u201d<\/em> yarataca\u011f\u0131 \u201carac\u0131-tampon mekanizmalar\u0131n\u201d tar\u0131m<\/em> sekt\u00f6r\u00fc \u00fczerinde ne kadar belirleyici oldu\u011funu ve bu belirleyicili\u011fin ne kadar geni\u015f, tarihsel, birikimsel ve neden-sonu\u00e7 etkile\u015fimli oldu\u011funu <\/em>ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken buna dair baz\u0131 bilgi ve dayanaklar\u0131m\u0131z nedir ona bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Tampon mekanizma kavram\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00d6ncelikle kavram\u0131n bendeki \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m kayna\u011f\u0131, sosyoloji bilim literat\u00fcr\u00fcne \u201ctampon mekanizmalar\u201d<\/em> kuram\u0131n\u0131 kabul ettiren ve bunu da Ere\u011fli\u2019de (Karadeniz) yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile ortaya koyan T\u00fcrk sosyolojisinin b\u00fcy\u00fck hocalar\u0131ndan Prof. Dr. M\u00fcbeccel Belik K\u0131ray’\u0131 anmadan ge\u00e7meyelim. KIRAY, <\/em>Ere\u011fli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ilkinde, kasaba olan Ere\u011fli\u2019de, k\u00f6y-kasaba ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan<\/em> e\u015fraf, t\u00fcccar kesiminin rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u201ctampon mekanizma\u201d<\/em><\/a> \u015feklinde kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rarak bu kavram\u0131 d\u00fcnya literat\u00fcr\u00fcne kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak 11 y\u0131l sonraki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada durumun mu\u011flakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, k\u00f6y-kent ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ya k\u00f6yl\u00fclerce atlanarak kurulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya da \u00f6nceki t\u00fcccar-e\u015fraf ek\u00e2birlerinin siyasal alana veya daha b\u00fcy\u00fck kentsel alana kayd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Biraz daha geriye giderek tarihsel birikime bakacak olursak:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrk k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn\/\u00e7ift\u00e7isinin,<\/em> Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6nemindeki \u201creaya\u201d <\/em>yani m\u00fclkiyetsiz toprak i\u015fleme yap\u0131s\u0131 yani topra\u011f\u0131n sultan-h\u00fck\u00fcmdar-padi\u015faha ve ailesine ait olmas\u0131 ve i\u015fleyenlerin sadece \u201c\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakla\u201d <\/em>m\u00fckellef olmas\u0131;<\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019daki feodalizmin, aristokrasinin, topraks\u0131z \u201cserf\u201d<\/em> yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesine ve serflerin bir \u015fekilde ge\u00e7i\u015f a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 hatta d\u00f6neminin tam ifadesiyle, serseri dola\u015f\u0131m<\/em> a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ip t\u00fcccar-ticaret<\/em> a\u015famas\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131 birikimini;<\/em><\/p>\n

Serflerin topraktan getirdikleri i\u015fleme\u2013toplama-i\u015f\u00e7ile\u015ftirme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini ticarete uyumland\u0131rmas\u0131 birikimini;<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00dcst\u00fcne \u00fcstl\u00fck, k\u00f6yl\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n Frans\u0131z devriminin aktif rol oynay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olmak suretiyle evrensel de\u011ferleri i\u00e7selle\u015ftirmesi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini ya\u015fayamamas\u0131<\/em> ger\u00e7eklerini \u00f6zellikle dikkate almam\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin deneyimlenmemi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131p oldu\u011funu ve asl\u0131nda konumuz olan tar\u0131msal burjuvazinin olu\u015fumunu da engelledi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek durumunday\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Haydi, biraz iyimser olal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

Engelledi yerine destek olamad\u0131 diyelim<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ler, 18. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa\u2019da ba\u015flayan sanayile\u015fme-end\u00fcstrile\u015fme ve yeni ticaret ve t\u00fcccar burjuvazisinin t\u00fcreme s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ile atba\u015f\u0131 giden ve sanayile\u015fmeyi tetikleyen hatta belirleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7lerdir. Biriken sermaye ile kapitalist ekonominin olu\u015ftu\u011fu, olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerdir. Yine \u00f6zellikle din-siyaset, din-ekonomi, din-tahakk\u00fcm\/hegemonya<\/em> olgusunun ulus devletler \u00fczerinden \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlendi\u011fi, ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerdir.<\/p>\n

…<\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00d6nce \u00e7ift\u00e7i, sonra i\u015fletmeci, sonra tar\u0131msal sanayici, sonra ihracat\u00e7\u0131, sonra uluslararas\u0131 rekabet\u00e7i olma yolundaki tar\u0131msal burjuvazinin tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fc \u00fczerinde ne kadar belirleyici oldu\u011funa dair baz\u0131 bilgi ve dayanaklar\u0131m\u0131z nedir, onlara bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121,"featured_media":9038,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[63,2],"tags":[1165,1166,1164,394,1163,1168,1167],"coauthors":[1122],"class_list":["post-9033","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi","category-genel","tag-ihracat","tag-katma-deger","tag-sanayilesme","tag-tarim","tag-tarimsal-burjuvazi","tag-uluslararasi-pazar","tag-uluslararasi-rekabet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9033","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/121"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9033"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9033\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9100,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9033\/revisions\/9100"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9038"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9033"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9033"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9033"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=9033"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}