{"id":904,"date":"2018-01-05T23:51:15","date_gmt":"2018-01-05T20:51:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/misak.millidusunce.com\/?p=904"},"modified":"2018-03-10T11:47:16","modified_gmt":"2018-03-10T08:47:16","slug":"turk-dunyasinda-soykirim-ve-etno-jeopolitik-inhilal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/turk-dunyasinda-soykirim-ve-etno-jeopolitik-inhilal\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve etno-jeopolitik inhilal"},"content":{"rendered":"

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 <\/p>\n

Konumuzla ilgili bilgilere ilk defa \u0130ran\u2019da iken, 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201c\u0130ran\u2019da T\u00fcrk Egemenli\u011finin Farslara Devredilmesinde Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n Rol\u00fc\u201d<\/em>[1]<\/a> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in yapmakta oldu\u011fum kaynak taramalar\u0131nda KACAR T\u00fcrk \u015eahzadelerinden \u201cFermanferma ve Hk. 1336 \u015eiraz K\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d[2]<\/a> ve \u0130ran Me\u015frutiyet Savc\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u201cZenganl\u0131 \u015eeyh \u0130brahim K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n An\u0131lar\u0131\u201d[3]<\/a> adl\u0131 eserleri ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. O d\u00f6nemde bu iki \u0130ngiltere eksenli T\u00fcrk kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 siyaset\u00e7inin kendi an\u0131lar\u0131nda a\u00e7l\u0131k ve k\u0131tl\u0131kla ilgili vermi\u015f olduklar\u0131 bilgiler, ben de yeni-yeni yan\u0131ts\u0131z sorular\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131na neden oldu. Ayn\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde ABD yurtta\u015f\u0131 Dr. Muhammet gulu Macit, ABD Ulusal Ar\u015fiv belgelerine dayal\u0131 2003 tarihinde \u201c1917-1919 \/ \u0130ran\u2019da A\u00e7l\u0131k ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u201d[4]<\/a> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131yla kaydedilen tarihler aras\u0131nda vuku bulan soyk\u0131r\u0131m facialar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Bu belgeleri, an\u0131lar\u0131 ben okurken, bu facialar\u0131n \u0130ran\u2019da T\u00fcrk egemenli\u011finin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki rol\u00fc ne olabilir diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ba\u015flad\u0131m. Azerbaycan\u2019da May\u0131s 2006 tarihinde a\u00e7l\u0131k ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m da d\u00e2hil \u0130ran T\u00fcrklerinin \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f siyasi tarihi ile ilgili bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131m, 2011 tarihinde G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da bitirdim. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131k 600 sayfal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u201c\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Tarihimiz ve Milli Hareketin Stratejisi\u201d[5]<\/a> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u00e7l\u0131k ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n \u0130ran\u2019da T\u00fcrk egemenli\u011finin kaybedilmesindeki rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fitli mecralarla k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 olsa da g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.[6]<\/a> Ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u201cG\u00f6\u00e7 ve A\u00e7l\u0131k Etmenlerinin \u0130ran\u2019da T\u00fcrk Egemenli\u011finin Kayb\u0131ndaki Rol\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z da yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[7]<\/a> Bu Konu ile ilgili T\u00fcrkiye Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivlerinden A. Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130SAM, T\u00dc\u0130K, ATASE, BDAGM, Milli K\u00fct\u00fcphane, Tarih Medeniyet vb. ar\u015fivlerde geni\u015f bi\u00e7imde taramalar yapt\u0131k. Hem T\u00fcrkiye ar\u015fivleri hem de Kafkasya ve T\u00fcrkistan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00fczerine bu soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve a\u00e7l\u0131kla ilgili kaynak taramas\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 verilerle, olgularla rastla\u015ft\u0131m. Yani ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde yaln\u0131z \u0130ran\u2019da T\u00fcrk egemenli\u011finin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u00e7l\u0131k ve katliam yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Belki b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 \u2013 T\u00fcrkistan, Kafkasya ve k\u0131smen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi de kapsayan bir a\u00e7l\u0131k ve katliam s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funu tespit ettim. Bu T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 M\u00fcttefik kuvvetlerin uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131k ve katliam siyaseti, sadece kaydedilen arazilerle yetinmemi\u015ftir diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteyim. Konu ile ilgili Tataristan\u2019da, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da, Kerk\u00fck, Halep ve \u015eam\u2019da ayn\u0131 zamanda kuzey Hindistan\u2019daki – Afganistan, Pakistan, Banglade\u015f vb. b\u00f6lgelerde ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131l\u0131rsa mutlaka ayn\u0131 cinayetlerin yerli T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Biz bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda T\u00fcrkistan, \u0130ran, Kafkasya ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ba\u015f veren a\u00e7l\u0131k ve soyk\u0131r\u0131mla ilgili verilere olduk\u00e7a k\u0131sa ama ikna edici bir \u015fekilde de\u011finece\u011fiz. Temel konuya girmeden \u00f6nce \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda s\u00f6z konusu n\u00fcfus oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfus ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na, n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemine<\/em>, ard\u0131nca ba\u015fl\u0131k olarak kullanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fumuz ve \u00fc\u00e7 bile\u015fimden olu\u015fan \u201cT\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u201d, \u201cSoyk\u0131r\u0131m\u201d ve \u201cEtno-Jeopolitik \u0130nhilal\u201d<\/em> kelimelerine kavramsal anlamda de\u011finece\u011fizdir.<\/p>\n

Tarih S\u00fcrecinde N\u00fcfus Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/h2>\n

Bat\u0131 tarih tasnifine g\u00f6re 476\u2019dan 1453\u2019e kadarki 1000 y\u0131la yakla\u015fan zaman par\u00e7as\u0131na Orta \u00c7a\u011f (476\u2019da Bat\u0131 Roma, 1453\u2019te ise Bizans denen Do\u011fu Roma sona ermi\u015ftir) denilir. 1453\u2019te \u0130stanbul fethedildi\u011fi zaman d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu 400 milyon civar\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur. Ancak 70 milyonu Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrklerin birka\u00e7 imparatorluk h\u00e2linde tarihte doru\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 16. asr\u0131n son y\u0131llar\u0131nda (1590\u2019larda) d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu 540 milyonu bulmu\u015ftu (\u0130ran Safevi Devleti 20-30[8]<\/a>, Osmanl\u0131 100, Hindistan Timuro\u011fullar\u0131 120, T\u00fcrkistan 12, G\u00fcney Hindistan\u2019da -Osmano\u011fullar\u0131\u2019ndan, \u0130kinci Murad\u2019dan inen- \u00c2dil-\u015e\u00e2hlar 22 milyon). Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019a 476\u2019da 300 milyon n\u00fcfusla ba\u015flayan insan \u0131rk\u0131, 1000 (bin) y\u0131l sonra 1453\u2019e, \u00c7a\u011f\u2019\u0131 100 milyon art\u0131\u015fla, 400 milyona \u00e7\u0131kabilerek kapatabilmi\u015ftir. Sebep ba\u015fta veb\u00e2 benzeri hastal\u0131klar, \u00f6nlenemeyen salg\u0131nlar ve kanl\u0131 sava\u015flard\u0131r. Tarih\u00e7ilerin Yeni \u00c7a\u011f dedi\u011fi 1453-1789\u00a0 (336 y\u0131l) y\u0131llar\u0131na daha yeni tarih\u00e7ilerin Yak\u0131n \u00c7a\u011f demeye ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6nemin hemen ard\u0131ndan – 1830\u2019da d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu bir milyar\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. 129 y\u0131l sonra 1918\u2019de bamba\u015fka \u015fartlarda bir d\u00fcnya do\u011fdu\u011fu i\u00e7in tekrar bir b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6neme edebiyatta \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f-Modern \u00c7a\u011f denilmeye ba\u015flasa da bana g\u00f6re hem de T\u00fcrk ve \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n izmihlal ve inhilal d\u00f6nemi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya, 1700 y\u0131l\u0131na 684, 1750 y\u0131l\u0131na 700, 1825 y\u0131l\u0131na 955 milyon n\u00fcfusla girmi\u015ftir. N\u00fcfus ancak 1830\u2019larda 1 milyara eri\u015fmi\u015ftir. 1850\u2019de 1.137.000.000, 1875\u2019te 1.326.000.000, 1900\u2019de 1.491.000.000 n\u00fcfus olmu\u015ftur. 1914\u2019te Birinci D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131na ba\u015flarken d\u00fcnyada 1.782.000.000 ki\u015fi ya\u015f\u0131yordu.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

Merhum Abdurrahman \u015eerif, \u201cCo\u011frafiya-i Umumi\u201d[10]<\/a> adl\u0131 eserinde 1905 d\u00f6nemine ait d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu ile ilgili istatistik veriler kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada yararlanmam\u0131zda fayda var diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
K\u0131ta<\/td>\nY\u00fcz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc<\/td>\nN\u00fcfus say\u0131s\u0131<\/td>\nN\u00fcfus Yo\u011funlu\u011fu \u2013 KM<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Avrupa<\/td>\n10.000.000[11]<\/a><\/td>\n398.000.000<\/td>\n39<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Asya<\/td>\n42.160.000[12]<\/a><\/td>\n750.000.000<\/td>\n18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Afrika<\/td>\n29.820.000[13]<\/a><\/td>\n141.000.000<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Amerika<\/td>\n42.500.000[14]<\/a><\/td>\n144.000.000<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Okyanusya<\/td>\n10.500.000[15]<\/a><\/td>\n51.000.000<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yekun<\/td>\n134.980.000<\/td>\n1.509.000.000<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0130mparatorluklar ve devletler i\u00e7in n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi<\/h2>\n

Tarih boyunca imparatorluklar\u0131n, devletlerin ekonomik ve asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 seviyeleri istenilen a\u00e7\u0131dan N\u00dcFUS fakt\u00f6r\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. N\u00fcfusu az olan veya artmayan bir devlet veya imparatorluk zaman a\u015famas\u0131nda eriyip gitmeye mahk\u00fbmdur. T\u00fcrk devlet ve imparatorluklar\u0131 da bundan m\u00fcstesna olmam\u0131\u015f ve n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi i\u00e7in ayakta kalamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 ve Kacar Devletleri, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde Birinci D\u00fcnya Muharebesi ile ortadan kalkmam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131lar bile, n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Avrupa rakipleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yenilmeleri ve ortadan kalkmalar\u0131 muhakkak ve ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ister Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu olsun, ister Kacar Devleti olsun, ister T\u00fcrkistan Hanl\u0131k ve Emirlikleri olsun, ne Rusya ile ne de Avrupa g\u00fc\u00e7leri ile k\u0131yaslanacak n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131na sahip olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Safevi ve Af\u015far T\u00fcrk \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131, as\u0131rlarca n\u00fcfus ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 Kuzey Hindistan T\u00fcrk egemenli\u011finde bulunan gayri T\u00fcrk topluluklar\u0131, \u0130ran arazisine ihtiya\u00e7 edildi\u011fi kadar sevk etmekle gidermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ise esasen Balkan, Afrika, Arabistan yar\u0131madas\u0131 ve kuzey Kafkasya\u2019dan bu n\u00fcfus ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 gidermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tabi teknolojik gerilik de kendi ba\u015f\u0131na esas iki fakt\u00f6rden birini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. K\u0131sas\u0131 T\u00fcrk Hanl\u0131k, Emirlik, Devlet ve \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131n\u0131n yenilmesindeki en temel iki fakt\u00f6rden biri teknolojik gerilik, ikincisi ise n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6rnek olarak 1905 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar olan ve Abdurrahman \u015eerif taraf\u0131ndan sunulan verilere dayanarak T\u00fcrk Hanl\u0131k, Devlet ve \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcfus say\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6z att\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda durum daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. A. \u015eerif, bu de\u011ferli eserinde Rusya ile ilgili istatistik verileri b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimal 1897 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Rusya Genel N\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131ndan alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o d\u00f6nemde Rusya\u2019da en son n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 1897 y\u0131l\u0131nda ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/strong><\/td>\n1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Avrupa k\u0131sm\u0131 11.795.000;<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya Anadolu k\u0131sm\u0131 13.000.000;<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yekun Osmanl\u0131 Asyas\u0131[16]<\/a> 5.691.000;<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kuzey Afrika k\u0131sm\u0131 12.620.000;<\/p>\n

Toplam: 43.106.000[17]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Kacar<\/strong><\/td>\n13.000.000[18]<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Rusya<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rusya\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fudan K\u0131z\u0131l Kum<\/strong> g\u00fcney bat\u0131dan Kara Kum<\/strong> civar\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrkler \u2013 daha net dersek Buhara Emirli\u011fi ve Hive Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rusya\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerinde azim T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131na mahsus Kalmuk, Nogay, K\u0131rg\u0131z (Kazak – K\u0131rg\u0131zlar) ve Tatarlar ya\u015far.[19]<\/a> Daha net s\u00f6ylersek Sibirya b\u00f6lgesi<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rusya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgelerine<\/strong> Tataristan-\u0131 Sa\u011f\u0131r (K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Tataristan) ve merkez\u00ee b\u00f6lgesine ise Tataristan-\u0131 Kebir (B\u00fcy\u00fck Tataristan) denilmekteydi, daha eskilerde ise K\u0131p\u00e7ak b\u00f6lgesi denilmi\u015ftir. K\u0131p\u00e7aklar 9. y\u00fczy\u0131lda zay\u0131flad\u0131ktan sonra \u201cGaz\u0131mof\u201d, \u201cKazan\u201d, \u201cK\u0131r\u0131m\u201d ve \u201cEjderhan\u201d hanl\u0131klar\u0131na b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fler ve sonra da devlet olarak yenilmi\u015fler. \u015eu an buralarda da T\u00fcrk Tatarlar ya\u015far.[20]<\/a><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kafkasya<\/strong> 470 bin km. araziyi kapsayan (Hazar\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131, Kara Denizin g\u00fcney do\u011fusu, Aras nehrinin kuzeyi; Tiflis, Bak\u00fc, Erivan, \u015eirvan, Nahcivan vb. b\u00f6lgeleri kapsar).[21]<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

Rusya n\u00fcfusu 128.000.000<\/strong> olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7.500.000<\/strong>[22]<\/a> \/ 7.721.000<\/strong>[23]<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u0131rg\u0131z-Kazaklar: 4.000.000<\/strong>[24]<\/a> \/ 4.695.000<\/strong>[25]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2026[26]<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 9.250.000<\/strong> n\u00fcfusu vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrk-Tatar, Acem, G\u00fcrc\u00fc; Ermeni, \u00c7erkez, Abaze, Lezgiler ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Ahalinin kesin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131r. H\u0131ristiyanlar da ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.[27]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Hindistan <\/strong><\/td>\n277.000.000 n\u00fcfus olmu\u015ftur. Bu n\u00fcfusun 63.000.000\u2019u M\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131r.[28]<\/a> Bu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kesimin ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu bilinmiyor. T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u0130ngiliz kuvvetlerine yenildikten sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck katliamlar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. Say\u0131lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a az g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrklerin y\u00fczdesi bilinmiyor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7in <\/strong><\/td>\n340.000.000 n\u00fcfusu olmu\u015ftur. Bu n\u00fcfusun 320 milyonu \u00c7in\u2019in do\u011fusundaki Nefs \u00c7in ve Man\u00e7uri b\u00f6lgelerinde kalabal\u0131k \u015fekilde ya\u015farlar ve ezici \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00c7inlilerden ve Man\u00e7urilerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.[29]<\/a> Tibet, T\u00fcrkistan ve Mo\u011folistan b\u00f6lgeleri ise \u00fclkenin bat\u0131s\u0131nda yerle\u015fiyor.[30]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Afganistan <\/strong><\/td>\n6.000.000 n\u00fcfusu olmu\u015f, ama bu n\u00fcfusun ne kadar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin olu\u015fturdu\u011funa dair net bilgi yoktur.[31]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1900\u2019lerin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda T\u00fcrklerin toplam tahmini say\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u0131s\u0131r d\u00e2hil Afrika, Arap yar\u0131madas\u0131 ve Hindistan yar\u0131madas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131\u2019da (20 M.), \u0130ran\u2019da (10 M.), Afganistan\u2019da (2-2.5 M.), Rusya\u2019da (25 M.) ve \u00c7in\u2019de (11 M.) T\u00fcrk olmu\u015ftur: 70 Milyon <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ek olarak s\u00f6ylemeliyim ki Hindistan yar\u0131madas\u0131 ile ilgili ayr\u0131ca bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gerekmektedir. Pakistan, Ke\u015fmir, Banglade\u015f, Dehli (Delhi), Haydarabat, genellikle kuzey Hindistan miladi tarihin 3. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren T\u00fcrklerin s\u00fcrekli \u015fekilde yerle\u015ftikleri ve egemenli\u011fi ellerine ald\u0131klar\u0131 bir yar\u0131mada olmu\u015ftur.\u00a0 Bu egemenlik s\u00fcrekli olmasa da 10. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar devam etmi\u015ftir. 10. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Gazneli Mahmut Hakan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri ile Hindistan, \u00f6zellikle kuzey Hindistan birer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc bir yar\u0131madaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ve bu Gazneli \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile ba\u015flayan Hindistan egemenli\u011fi 1803 (Dehli\u2019nin \u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgali) ve 1850\u2019lerdeki b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015fgali ile sona ermi\u015ftir. Ama b\u00f6yle az bir zamanda T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn etkisizle\u015ftirilmesi, kendi kendili\u011fine nas\u0131l bir vahametli facialar\u0131n i\u015flendi\u011finden haber vermektedir. As\u0131rlarca T\u00fcrklerin egemen oldu\u011fu yerler oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in buralarda milyonlarca T\u00fcrk\u00fcn ya\u015famas\u0131 ku\u015fkusuzdur. Hindistan\u2019daki katliamlar\u0131n esas kurbanlar\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ve T\u00fcrkler olmu\u015ftur diyebiliriz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ngiltere i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck isyanlar\u0131 da bunlar yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kendilerini di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla beraber yerli T\u00fcrk devletlerinin varisi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlard\u0131r. Bu konuyu da yak\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanacak olan kitab\u0131m\u0131zda geni\u015f bi\u00e7imde vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131zd\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir konu da M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 meselesidir. \u0130slamiyet\u2019in defalarca \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00e7ok olmas\u0131na vurgu yapmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131, durdurulmas\u0131 veya hen\u00fcz tam ayd\u0131nlatabilmedi\u011fimiz olaylar ve belli olmayan nedenlerden dolay\u0131 azalmas\u0131, insan\u0131 hayretler i\u00e7inde b\u0131rak\u0131yor. T\u00fcrk \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131n esas nedenlerinden biri n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Safevi d\u00f6nemi 25-30 milyon n\u00fcfusa sahip oldu\u011fu belirtilen \u00fclkenin 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda kuzey Hindistan\u2019dan alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bu kadar gayri T\u00fcrk g\u00f6\u00e7lere ra\u011fmen 10 milyon civar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmesi ne ile izah edilebilir?! Salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar m\u0131, sava\u015f m\u0131, bunlar yaln\u0131z T\u00fcrklere \u00f6zg\u00fc olmam\u0131\u015f, o d\u00f6nemlerde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgelerine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir bela olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi T\u00fcrklerin do\u011fuda \u00c7in\u2019le, kuzeyde Ruslarla, g\u00fcney bat\u0131da Avrupa \u00fclkeleri ile ve g\u00fcneyde Hindistan \u00fczerinden \u0130ngiltere ile m\u00fccadele h\u00e2linde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak bu imparatorluklar\u0131n n\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda n\u00fcfusun ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu anlam\u0131\u015f oluruz.<\/p>\n

Abdurrahman \u015eerif 1905\u2019te a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki istatistik rakamlar\u0131 vermektedir:[32]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00dclke<\/td>\nS\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u00fclkelerin n\u00fcfusu<\/td>\nMerkez\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmetle beraber n\u00fcfus say\u0131s\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0130ngiltere<\/td>\n350 Milyon<\/td>\n398 Milyon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rusya<\/td>\n32 M.<\/td>\n128 M.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7in<\/td>\n<\/td>\n340 M.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fransa<\/td>\n50 M.<\/td>\n88 M.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Almanya<\/td>\n12 M.<\/td>\n68 M.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

N\u00fcfus konusu ile ilgili Prof. Dr. Erhan Afyoncu\u2019nun kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cN\u00fcfusumuz Artmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Bir \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Kaybettik\u201d<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndaki fikirlere bire bir kat\u0131l\u0131yorum. Konumuza uygun bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bir iki paragraf\u0131n\u0131 vermekte yarar var diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

\u201cOsmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi, bir imparatorlu\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrken bu durumda n\u00fcfusunun da \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc vard\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde Avrupa’daki bir\u00e7ok devletten daha fazla n\u00fcfusa sahip olan Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu 10 milyon kilometrekarelik bir co\u011frafyaya h\u00fckmetmi\u015fti. Ancak 17. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren n\u00fcfus dengesi Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n aleyhine d\u00f6necekti. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun n\u00fcfusu 17-18. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda fazla artmazken, Avrupa’n\u0131n n\u00fcfusu 100 milyondan 190 milyona \u00e7\u0131karak iki misline yak\u0131n artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Tarih\u00e7i Charles Issawi, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 n\u00fcfusunun Avrupa’n\u0131n alt\u0131da biriyken, iki as\u0131r sonra 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda onda birine geriledi\u011fini s\u00f6yler. 16. ve 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa’n\u0131n n\u00fcfus oranlar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimlere sebep olan en \u00f6nemli etkenlerden biri veban\u0131n k\u0131tada etkili olmas\u0131yd\u0131. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren ise daha fazla ve daha farkl\u0131 g\u0131dalar\u0131n ekilmesi, ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fmesi, daha fazla toprakla tar\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131n azalmas\u0131, daha geli\u015fmi\u015f halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemleri ve sava\u015flar\u0131n \u015feklinin de\u011fi\u015fmesi sonucu \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131 h\u0131zla azald\u0131. 1750-1850 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Avrupa \u00fclkelerindeki ortalama insan \u00f6mr\u00fc artt\u0131. Fransa’da 28’den 34’e, \u0130ngiltere’de 37’den 40’a, \u0130sve\u00e7’te ise 37’den 43’e y\u00fckseldi. Avrupa’daki n\u00fcfus oranlar\u0131n\u0131n 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda artmas\u0131nda s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerden getirilen ve yeni ele ge\u00e7irilen b\u00f6lgelerdeki n\u00fcfusun da \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131s\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren \u00c7ar Petro ile Avrupa sahnesine \u00e7\u0131kan Rusya’n\u0131n n\u00fcfusu h\u0131zla artt\u0131. Bu art\u0131\u015f Rusya’ya Osmanl\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flad\u0131. Rusya’n\u0131n n\u00fcfusu 1500’lerde 6 milyon iken 1600’lerde 13 milyona, 1700’lerde 15 milyona, 1800’lerde 40 milyona, 1871’de ise 90 milyona ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1700’lerde Rusya 32 bin asker \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rken, artan n\u00fcfusu ve askere alma sisteminin geli\u015fmesiyle birlikte 1871’de 750 bin askerlik bir g\u00fcc\u00fc olmu\u015ftu. 1877-1878, Harbi’ne girerken asker\u00ee teknoloji \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir tarafa n\u00fcfus fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 da Ruslardan yanayd\u0131. 1711’de Prut Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda n\u00fcfusu Osmanl\u0131’dan daha az olan Ruslar, bu d\u00f6nemde 100 milyona yakla\u015fan n\u00fcfuslar\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 n\u00fcfusundan \u00fc\u00e7-d\u00f6rt misli daha kalabal\u0131klard\u0131. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise Rusya’n\u0131n n\u00fcfusu 175 milyona[33]<\/a> yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve Ruslar bu sava\u015fta 12 milyon ki\u015filik ordu \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n n\u00fcfusu ise 22 milyondu ve tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ordusunu \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen askerlerin say\u0131s\u0131 sadece 2 milyon 750 bindi\u201d[34]<\/a><\/p>\n

18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu n\u00fcfus azl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklanan sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olsa da gidermek i\u00e7in \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinden devaml\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1853-1856 sava\u015flar\u0131ndan sonra ise Kafkasya\u2019dan sadece 1864\u2019te ezici \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun \u00c7erkezlerden olu\u015ftu\u011fu 750.000 g\u00f6\u00e7 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[35]<\/a> Tabi \u0130ran T\u00fcrk devletleri de bu n\u00fcfus sorununu (Safevi ve Af\u015far devletleri d\u00f6neminde) gidermek i\u00e7in esasen kuzey Hindistan\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eiili\u011fi devlet dini ilan etti\u011fi i\u00e7in ne Kafkasya\u2019dan ne Arap \u00fclkelerinden ne de Orta Asya\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7 almas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re de Kuzey Hindistan\u2019da Deri-Fars dilli topluluklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fclkenin g\u00fcney, merkez\u00ee, bat\u0131 ve k\u0131smen Horasan b\u00f6lgelerine sevk etmekle n\u00fcfusa olan ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek istemi\u015fler. Ama bu g\u00f6\u00e7ler zaman a\u015famas\u0131nda \u0130ran T\u00fcrk devletinin ba\u015f belas\u0131na \u00e7evrildi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u0130ngiltere bu kozu \u0130ran T\u00fcrk devletine kar\u015f\u0131 muazzam bi\u00e7imde, maharetle kullanmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ngiltere bu Hindistan\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmi\u015f kesim \u00fczerinden \u00f6yle bir siyasi ak\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131 ki, T\u00fcrk \u0130ran, Hintle\u015fmeye do\u011fru y\u00f6n ald\u0131. Yeri gelindi\u011finde geni\u015f bi\u00e7imde de\u011finilecektir.<\/p>\n

Kavramsal olarak T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ile ilgili \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar vard\u0131r. 19 ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130smail Gasp\u0131ral\u0131, Ali bey H\u00fcseyinzade, Ahmet A\u011fao\u011flu, Zeki Velidi Togan, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki eksenli yazar ve siyasiler mevcut olmu\u015f ve gayet iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve mevcut probleme y\u00f6nelik olduk\u00e7a de\u011ferli fikirler ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1918\u2019de Birinci D\u00fcnya Muharebesini kaybetmesi asl\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n kayb\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130ran\u2019da, 1921 \u0130ngiltere darbesi ile Kacar T\u00fcrk devleti de devrilmi\u015f oldu. Nitekim M\u00fcttefik kuvvetlerin komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeni bir d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ile ilgili faaliyetler bir taraftan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Mill\u00ee kimli\u011fi az da olsa sahiplenecek kesimin olmas\u0131, di\u011fer taraftan 1990\u2019larda da\u011f\u0131lan SSCB\u2019nin i\u00e7indeki T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetlerinin do\u011fmas\u0131 ile Azerbaycan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Ebulfez El\u00e7ibey ve daha sonra Kazakistan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Nursultan Nazarbayev gibi \u015fahsiyetlerin resm\u00ee makamlardan seslendirdikleri fikirlerle yeniden g\u00fcndeme oturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

1990\u2019lardan sonra T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yeniden g\u00fcndeme gelmesi i\u00e7tenlik ve samimiyetten ziyade daha \u00e7ok Bat\u0131-Do\u011fu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 prizmas\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve fazlas\u0131yla konjonkt\u00fcrel olmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fka bir ifade ile 1914\u2019lerdeki Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funu temsilen \u0130ttihat ve Terakkicilerin, Ba\u015fkomutan vekili Enver Pa\u015fa, Amcas\u0131 6. Ordu Komutan\u0131 Halil Pa\u015fa, 3. Kafkas Ordusu Komutan\u0131 Nuri Pa\u015fa, Osmanl\u0131 Tahran B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Asim bey, Ate\u015femiliter (Asker\u00ee temsilci) Fuzi bey veya \u0130ran\u2019dan Kacar \u015eahzadesi Nizam\u2019\u00fcl-seltene\u2019, Mecd\u2019\u00fcl-seltene, Tagi Refet, Kafkasya, K\u0131r\u0131m, Kazan, T\u00fcrkistan, Hindistan gibi b\u00f6lgelerden onlar ve y\u00fczlerce de\u011ferli \u015fahsiyetlerin samimiyetle T\u00fcrk milletinin kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in vermi\u015f olduklar\u0131 m\u00fccadelelerle k\u0131yaslanacak de\u011fildir. Bunlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemekten esas amac\u0131m\u0131z 1990\u2019lardan sonra yeniden g\u00fcndeme gelen \u201cT\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u201d fikrinin konjonkt\u00fcrel yakla\u015f\u0131mlardan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn kadar uzakla\u015f\u0131p daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i ve reel yakla\u015f\u0131mlarla ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Di\u011fer bir sorun da \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 hem co\u011frafi olarak hem de i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yok say\u0131p, ondan yan ge\u00e7en bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6n planda olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ran\u2019dan yan ge\u00e7ecek bir T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 ger\u00e7ek anlamda s\u00f6z konusu olamaz, olursa da b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamaz. T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131nda \u0130ran T\u00fcrklerinden daha \u00e7ok yan ge\u00e7ilir. \u0130ran Rejimi, bug\u00fcn, bu kurulu\u015fun aleyhine olabilir, gayet anla\u015f\u0131land\u0131r, ama bu \u0130ran\u2019daki T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine mani olmamal\u0131 veya par\u00e7a-par\u00e7a b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesine y\u00f6nelik bo\u015f hayallerde bulunulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z\u00fcn k\u0131sas\u0131 bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada toplumsal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7er\u00e7evede kavram olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u201cT\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u201d, co\u011frafya olarak Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019dan ba\u015flay\u0131p Balkanlara, Sibirya\u2019dan Kuzey Hindistan\u2019a kadar uzanan bir araziyi kapsamaktad\u0131r. \u0130ran da bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n jeopolitik a\u00e7\u0131dan kalpgah (heartland) konumunda bir merkezi say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kavramsal Olarak Soyk\u0131r\u0131m<\/h2>\n

Bizim bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan amac\u0131m\u0131z bu veya \u015fu \u00fclkeyi su\u00e7lu sandalyesinde oturtmak de\u011fildir. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce birinci ileri s\u00fcrmekte oldu\u011fumuz bu fikrin fiziki-maddi zeminde do\u011frulu\u011funun olup olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Do\u011fru de\u011filse tarihsel belgelere dayal\u0131 kan\u0131tlar bir bi\u00e7imde yeni bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla fikrin reddine dair \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. \u0130kincisi T\u00fcrkistan, \u0130ran, Kafkasya ve Osmanl\u0131daki olaylar,ileri s\u00fcrmekte oldu\u011fumuz bu fikri kan\u0131tlar seviyededir mi sorusuna yan\u0131t aramakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bizim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131zda ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z belgeler, kaynaklar b\u00f6yle bir a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve katliam\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nem de her d\u00f6rt b\u00f6lgede (T\u00fcrkistan-Kafkasya-Osmanl\u0131 ve \u0130ran\u2019da) olmas\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tl\u0131yor seviyededir. Do\u011frudur, mesela T\u00fcrkiye ve Azerbaycan\u2019da bu konu ile ilgili bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131zda biraz zorlanmaktay\u0131z. Ama istatistik rakamlardaki kay\u0131plar b\u00f6yle bir olay\u0131n oldu\u011fu fikrini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmektedir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bu istatistik rakamlarda yine o \u00fclkelerin mesela Rusya\u2019n\u0131n kendisi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan veya M\u00fcttefik kuvvetlerin i\u015fgalinden sonra yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan istatistik rakamlar \u00fczerinde m\u00fchendislik etme imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 (mesela \u0130ran ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019da) olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131 olarak karakterize etti\u011fimiz bu arazilerde, T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 uygulanm\u0131\u015f olan a\u00e7l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131k ve katliamlar, M\u00fcttefiklerin i\u015fgali ile e\u015f zamanl\u0131 vuku bulmu\u015ftur. \u015eimdi T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 bu a\u00e7l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131k ve katliamlar\u0131n bilerekten mi yoksa politik de\u011fi\u015fimlerden dolay\u0131 m\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ayd\u0131nl\u0131k getirilmesi meselesi \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Belgeler ve kaynaklar, maalesef bu a\u00e7l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131k ve katliamlar\u0131n \u0130ran\u2019da, Kafkasya\u2019da ve Kazakistan\u2019da bilerekten ama\u00e7l\u0131 ve hedefli bir bi\u00e7imde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat eder seviyededir. Bu s\u00f6yledi\u011fimize bir \u00f6rnek olarak M\u00fcttefik kuvvetlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0131p ve genetik uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n 1918 i\u015fgalinden hemen sonra b\u00f6lgede ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 \u201cinsan geneti\u011fi \u00fczerine denemeler\u201d<\/em> projesidir. \u0130ngiltere a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bu tip ve genetik uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n yapmak istedikleri \u015fey, T\u00fcrk geneti\u011fi ve haplogruplar\u0131 ile Hint k\u00f6kenli muhacirlerin genlerinden olu\u015fan yeni insan tipi ve yeni \u00fcretilmi\u015f ila\u00e7lar\u0131n denemesi olmu\u015ftur. Bu vahim sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furan projenin ilk ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yeri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Tebriz\u2019in kuzeyinde yerle\u015fen \u201cBaba Ba\u011f\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 b\u00f6lge olmu\u015ftur. Ama sadece bu b\u00f6lge ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu proje \u0130ran\u2019da uygulanmaya konulmu\u015f, Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7lerine kadar uzanarak, binler belki de y\u00fczbinlerce insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne veya sakat kalmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Kaynak olarak yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada yan\u0131lm\u0131yorsam Celilabat, Lenkeran, Gence, \u015eamah\u0131, Kuba vb. b\u00f6lgelerin ad\u0131 ge\u00e7er. Bu \u015fehirlerde olmu\u015fsa T\u00fcrk-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak bilinen Revan Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda muhakkak daha vahametli olmu\u015ftur. 1918\u2019de M\u00fcttefik kuvvetlerinin Kafkasya\u2019da denetimi ele ald\u0131klar\u0131ndan sonra bu genetik de\u011fi\u015fim olarak bilinen t\u0131bbi ameliyatlar\u0131 binlerce T\u00fcrk insan\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ran-Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc aras\u0131nda genetik s\u0131n\u0131r<\/em> olu\u015fturmak bile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Zaten bu ameliyatlar\u0131n esas hedefi bu olmu\u015ftur. 1918 sonras\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu konu ile ilgili nelerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mutlaka ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u0130ran ve Kafkasya ile ilgili veriler hem Rusya\u2019da hem de Azerbaycan devlet ar\u015fivlerinde bulunmaktad\u0131r. H\u00e2l\u00e2 a\u00e7\u0131klanmasa da Sovyet sonras\u0131, bu facialarla ilgili toplanm\u0131\u015f belge ve haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f tutanaklar\u0131n mevcut oldu\u011fundan haberimiz vard\u0131r. Tebriz\u2019in Baba Ba\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde a\u00e7\u0131klanmam\u0131\u015f bu cinayetin say\u0131s\u0131z toplu mezarlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Hepsi bu mutasyon ameliyatlar\u0131 sonucunda feci \u015fekilde can vermi\u015f insanlar\u0131n toplu mezarlar\u0131d\u0131r. Baba Ba\u011f\u0131 cinayetleri-mutasyon-t\u0131bbi ameliyatlar\u0131 1918\u2019de ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, R\u0131za Han Pehlevi h\u00e2kimiyeti d\u00f6neminde de bir s\u00fcre devam etmi\u015ftir. Bu insan geneti\u011fi ile oynamak o kadar vahim sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmu\u015f ki, sonunda \u0130ngilizler, 1931 (H\u015f. 1310) tarihinde cinayetlerinin \u00fcst\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n diye Baba Ba\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinin girilmez b\u00f6lge olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in hem de insan sever bir imaj olsun diye C\u00fczzam (Lepra hastal\u0131klar\u0131) Merkezi olarak devlete devretmi\u015ftir. Devlet buray\u0131, \u0130ngilizlerden devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda asker\u00ee k\u0131\u015fla h\u00e2linde olmu\u015ftur. Etraf\u0131 kilometreler kadar uzanan surlarla \u00e7evriliydi. Devlet surlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve oray\u0131 sivil bir merkez h\u00e2line getirerek, 1933\u2019ten itibaren C\u00fczzam Evi olarak kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buras\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 C\u00fczzam Evi olarak faaliyet g\u00f6stermekte ve insanlar\u0131n u\u011framakta istekli olmad\u0131klar\u0131 yerdir. Kaydetmem yerinde olur ki, bu Baba Ba\u011f\u0131, Kacar Padi\u015fah\u0131 Fetheli \u015eah\u2019\u0131n \u015ferefine Baba Ba\u011f\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kacar d\u00f6neminde, b\u00f6lge ahalisinin, \u00fclkenin ileri gelenlerinin ve \u00f6zellikle \u015fahzadelerin dinlenme ve avc\u0131l\u0131k yapt\u0131klar\u0131 park olmu\u015ftur.[36]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u015eimdi soyk\u0131r\u0131m kelimesini hukuki ve kavramsal bir \u00e7er\u00e7evede ele alal\u0131m. Soyk\u0131r\u0131m nedir? A\u00e7l\u0131ktan k\u0131tl\u0131ktan \u00f6len insanlar\u0131 soyk\u0131r\u0131m kurbanlar\u0131 olarak kabul etmek olur mu? Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u201cSoyk\u0131r\u0131m Su\u00e7unun \u00d6nlenmesine ve Cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u201d ile bu soyk\u0131r\u0131m ifadesine y\u00f6nelik kavramsal olarak neleri kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fclkelerin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini belirlemi\u015ftir. Soyk\u0131r\u0131mla ilgili \u201cTBMM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130nceleme Komisyonu\u201d taraf\u0131ndan verilen izahlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ilgili Maddelerini veriyoruz.[37]<\/a><\/p>\n

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletlerin ruhuna ve ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan ve uygar d\u00fcnya taraf\u0131ndan lanetlenen, uluslararas\u0131 hukuka g\u00f6re bir su\u00e7 olarak beyan edilmesini dikkate alarak, tarihin her d\u00f6neminde soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar meydana getirdi\u011fini kabul ederek, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu t\u00fcr bir i\u011fren\u00e7 musibetten kurtarmak i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011finin gerekli oldu\u011funa kanaat getirerek a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki h\u00fck\u00fcmlerde anla\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Madde 1-<\/em> S\u00f6zle\u015fmeci Devletler, ister bar\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131nda isterse sava\u015f zaman\u0131nda i\u015flensin, \u00f6nlemeyi ve cezaland\u0131rmay\u0131 taahh\u00fct ettikleri soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 hukuka g\u00f6re bir su\u00e7 oldu\u011funu teyit eder.<\/p>\n

Madde 2-<\/em> Bu S\u00f6zle\u015fme bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, ulusal, etnik, \u0131rksal veya dinsel bir grubu, k\u0131smen veya tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla i\u015flenen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki fiillerden her hangi biri, soyk\u0131r\u0131m su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

a)<\/strong> Gruba mensup olanlar\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi;<\/p>\n

b)<\/strong> Grubun mensuplar\u0131na ciddi surette bedensel veya zihinsel zarar verilmesi;<\/p>\n

c)<\/strong> Grubun b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle veya k\u0131smen, fiziksel varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 hesaplanarak ya\u015fam \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 kasten de\u011fi\u015ftirmek;<\/p>\n

d)<\/strong> Grup i\u00e7inde do\u011fumlar\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131yla tedbirler almak;<\/p>\n

e)<\/strong> Gruba mensup \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 zorla bir ba\u015fka gruba nakletmek;<\/p>\n

Madde 3- <\/em>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki eylemler cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n

a)<\/strong> Soyk\u0131r\u0131mda bulunmak;<\/p>\n

b)<\/strong> Soyk\u0131r\u0131mda bulunulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmak;<\/p>\n

c)<\/strong> Soyk\u0131r\u0131mda bulunulmas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan ve aleni surette k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmak;<\/p>\n

d)<\/strong> Soyk\u0131r\u0131mda bulunmaya te\u015febb\u00fcs etmek;<\/p>\n

e)<\/strong> Soyk\u0131r\u0131ma i\u015ftirak etmek;[38]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bir toplumu bilerek planl\u0131 \u015fekilde a\u00e7l\u0131k ve k\u0131tl\u0131k olu\u015fturarak k\u0131y\u0131ma u\u011fratmak kendi ba\u015f\u0131na bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m facias\u0131d\u0131r. Ama \u00f6nce s\u00f6yledi\u011fim gibi bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada bizim esas amac\u0131m\u0131z bu a\u00e7l\u0131k ve k\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n belgelerle g\u00fcndeme getirilmesi ve bilinmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortaya koymakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kavramsal olarak \u2013 Etno-Jeopolitik \u0130nhilal<\/h2>\n

Kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu \u201cEtno-Jeopolitik \u0130nhilal\u201d<\/em> s\u00f6z bile\u015fimi, ilk kez literat\u00fcre girmektedir. Bunun i\u00e7in k\u0131saca bir tan\u0131mlama yapmam\u0131zda yarar vard\u0131r. Kavram bilindi\u011fi gibi, bir nesnenin veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin zihindeki soyut ve genel tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r, bir konsepttir.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00f6z bile\u015fimi, Latin k\u00f6kenli ethno, millet, halk, grup anlam\u0131nda \u201cEtno\u201d, \u00e7ok da eski bir kavram olmayan toprak, yer ve siyasetle ilgili olan \u201cJeopolitik\u201d ve sonunda Arap\u00e7a k\u00f6kenli da\u011f\u0131lmak, par\u00e7alanmak, alt-\u00fcst olmak (felsefi anlamda), \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmek, a\u00e7\u0131lmak (kimyasal alanda – solubility), feshedilmek (hukuki anlamda) kullan\u0131lan \u201c\u0130nhilal\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Burada kullanmakta oldu\u011fumuz \u201cEtno-Jeopolitik \u0130nhilal\u201d kavram\u0131, bir milletin, bir halk\u0131n, biyolojik yok olma tehlikesi (soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan dolay\u0131) ile yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sosyolojik olarak varolu\u015funu sa\u011flayan ahlaksal ve mant\u0131ksal de\u011fer ve yarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n alt-\u00fcst olmas\u0131, da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131, yap\u0131sal \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi, feshedilmesi s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

Biyolojik yok etmek, i\u015fin soyk\u0131r\u0131mla ilgili fiziksel taraf\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kapsam d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulur. Burada s\u00f6z konusu bir milletin, bir \u00fclkenin, bir yap\u0131sal insan toplumunun b\u00fct\u00fcn olup bitenlere y\u00f6nelik kendi etno-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikiminden do\u011fan mant\u0131ksal ve ahlaksal yakla\u015f\u0131m tarz\u0131n\u0131n alt-\u00fcst olmas\u0131, da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6kmesidir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n devlet ve millet olarak, varisi oldu\u011fu y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6ncesi Kacar, Af\u015far, Safevi vb. devlet ve toplumunun ahlaksal ve mant\u0131ksal yarg\u0131 de\u011ferlerinin de\u011fi\u015filmedi\u011fini, alt-\u00fcst olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, da\u011f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kimse iddia edemez diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Dili zorla de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk dili yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Resm\u00ee dil se\u00e7imi yap\u0131lmadan zorla Fars dili topluma, millete dayat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Egemen millet olan T\u00fcrklerin b\u00fct\u00fcn kimlik birikimleri yasaklanm\u0131\u015f ve dilleri lal k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ran\u2019da o d\u00f6nem, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bilmeyenlerin \u00e7ok da bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir h\u00e2lde, bug\u00fcn Tahran, \u0130sfahan, \u015eiraz veya Me\u015fhed gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde Fars\u00e7a bilmeyen ya\u015fayamaz h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir. Hindistan\u2019dan sevk edilmi\u015f topluluklar, bug\u00fcn kendilerini \u00fclkenin esas sahibi, T\u00fcrkleri ise vah\u015fi ve yabanc\u0131 hesap etmekte kendilerini tam hakl\u0131 g\u00f6rmekteler. Bunun tersini s\u00f6ylersen e\u011fer, sen haks\u0131z duruma d\u00fc\u015fersin. \u0130slam de\u011ferleri \u00f6n planda iken, bug\u00fcn \u0130ran\u2019da son y\u00fcz y\u0131lda olu\u015fturulmu\u015f olan k\u00fclt\u00fcr sayesinde toplumun belirli bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda \u0130slamiyet\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 sert tav\u0131r olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrkl\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fer iken bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanmas\u0131 had safhadad\u0131r. Y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6nce kendini \u0130slam\u2019a feda eden insan\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc torunu Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, Zert\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn, Nihilizmin, Bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde belirsiz bir yol seyretmektedir. Toplumun belirli ve etkin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 onu manen yok etmeye s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen Atlantizm\u2019in (atlanticism) tabiri caizse kendi katilinin sitayi\u015fini yapmaktad\u0131r vb. bu gibi yarg\u0131 de\u011ferlerinin de\u011fi\u015fmesi, alt-\u00fcst olmas\u0131 bir toplumun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f tezah\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu inhilal, T\u00fcrkiye, Kafkasya ve T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da da tam ge\u00e7erlidir. Bug\u00fcn, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin devlet ve millet olarak, varisi oldu\u011fu Osmanl\u0131 devletinin ve toplumunun ahlaksal ve mant\u0131ksal yarg\u0131 de\u011ferlerinin de\u011fi\u015filmedi\u011fini, alt-\u00fcst olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da (Safevi-Osmanl\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda[39]<\/a>) kimse iddia edemez diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

En \u00f6nemlisi, bu ahlaksal ve mant\u0131ksal yarg\u0131 de\u011ferlerinin g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc bir de\u011fi\u015fim olmamas\u0131 ve bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe objenin mahk\u00fbm b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 ve zorlanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Buna Suriye\u2019nin mevcut durumunu misal olarak g\u00f6sterebiliriz. Son 6 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Suriye, bir halk<\/em> ve bir devlet<\/em> olarak etno-jeopolitik inhilal a\u015famas\u0131na zorlanm\u0131\u015f ve s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc Revan Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, Tiflis\u2019in ve genellikle b\u00fct\u00fcn Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n, Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n (Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan, Tacikistan ve \u00d6zbekistan) ve \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n 100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce bug\u00fcn Suriye\u2019nin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha vahim, daha a\u011f\u0131r bir etno-jeopolitik inhilal bi\u00e7imini ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ek olarak asimilasyon, manen yok etme ve Mankurtla\u015ft\u0131rma siyasetleri de buraya d\u00e2hildir. Y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6nce T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda uygulanm\u0131\u015f olan etno-jeopolitik inhilal, daha kanl\u0131 ve vahametli olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Suriye\u2019de bug\u00fcn etnik temizleme s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fil, ama o d\u00f6nem T\u00fcrk b\u00f6lgelerinde uygulanan siyasette T\u00fcrklerin etkisizle\u015ftirilmesi esas hedeflerden biri olmu\u015f, bu da a\u00e7l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131k ve katliamlarla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur. Bu da T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki etno-jeopolitik inhilalin bug\u00fcn Suriye\u2019de ya\u015fanan etno-jeopolitik inhilal\u2019den daha a\u011f\u0131r ve vahametli olmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Suriye\u2019de ya\u015fanan facialar\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fc ve seviyesi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00f6zleri \u00f6n\u00fcnde cereyan ediyor. 5 milyon g\u00f6\u00e7, 1 milyona yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00f6l\u00fcm s\u00f6z konusudur. Ama y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6nce M\u00fcttefik kuvvetlerinin b\u00f6lgeyi i\u015fgalinden sonra nas\u0131l, hangi \u015fiddet ve katliam t\u00fcrleri ile bu etno-jeopolitik inhilal siyasetini uygulam\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131ndan h\u00e2l\u00e2 do\u011fru-d\u00fczg\u00fcn haberimiz bile yoktur. A\u00e7l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131k ve katliamlar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnden y\u00fcz y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen 25 milyon insan\u0131n yok olup-olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131p-a\u00e7mamam\u0131z \u00fczerinde teredd\u00fctler i\u00e7indeyiz.<\/p>\n

Bu gibi ahlaksal ve mant\u0131ksal yarg\u0131 de\u011ferlerinin de\u011fi\u015fmesi, alt-\u00fcst olmas\u0131 bir toplumun, bir halk\u0131n, bir milletin, bir uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f tezah\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu son d\u00f6nem olmu\u015f bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik de\u011fil, bunun temel ta\u015flar\u0131, y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6nceki etno-jeopolitik inhilal siyasetinin uygulanmas\u0131 ile koyulmu\u015ftur. Y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6nce kabul edilmesinin asla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayaca\u011f\u0131 bu z\u0131tl\u0131klar, paradoksal yakla\u015f\u0131mlar, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131radan de\u011fi\u015fip geli\u015fmek denilen ilkesinin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazlar\u0131ndan olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Hat\u0131rlatal\u0131m ki, bu kavrama g\u00f6re her toplumun kendi ahlaksal ve mant\u0131ksal de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fip geli\u015fmesi reddedilmiyor, tersine desteklenmektedir. Galip g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fchendisli\u011fe u\u011frat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde kendi jeopolitik konumuna uygun ahlaksal ve mant\u0131ksal de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc geli\u015fime m\u00fcsait de\u011fi\u015febilir.<\/p>\n

Etno-jeopolitik inhilal, kavram\u0131n\u0131n Arap\u00e7a, Fars\u00e7a ve \u0130ngilizce terminolojileri d\u00e2hil, geni\u015f tarifini kitapta verece\u011fizdir. Makalemiz i\u00e7in bu kadar yeter diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

\u0130ran\u2019da a\u00e7l\u0131k ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m<\/h2>\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi \u0130ran\u2019da da \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00f6nemlerde al\u0131nan vergiler i\u00e7in geni\u015f tapu tahrir defterleri tutulmu\u015ftur. Ama \u0130ran\u2019da son y\u00fcz y\u0131lda yay\u0131nlanan tarihsel yap\u0131daki eserlerde \u00f6zellikle \u00fclkenin etnik yap\u0131s\u0131 ve n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili veriler yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n tamamen bat\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde bulunan Osmanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan 1730\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ait tutulan 12 adet Osmanl\u0131 tapu tahrir defteri bile g\u00fcndeme getirilmemi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z\u00fcn k\u0131sas\u0131 \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n n\u00fcfus ve etnik yap\u0131s\u0131 ile ilgili 1921 \u00f6ncesine ait, do\u011fru ve \u00fczerinde m\u00fchendislik yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f bir belge bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f anlamda ilk sistemli n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131, 1749 tarihinde ilk kez \u0130sve\u00e7’te, 1760 tarihinde Norve\u00e7\u2019te, 1769 tarihinde Danimarka’da, 1790\u2019da ABD’de, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019de ise 1801 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[40]<\/a> Osmanl\u0131\u2019da ise erkekler \u00fczerinden olsa da ilk n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 1831 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[41]<\/a> \u0130ran\u2019da bir\u00e7ok konularda oldu\u011fu gibi Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6rnek alarak ard\u0131nca hemen sonra ilk defa 1852 tarihinde Sultan Nasireddin \u015eah\u2019\u0131n emri \u00fczerine b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk matematik\u00e7isi Mirza Abd\u00fclgaffar Han Necm\u00fclm\u00fclk\u2019\u00fcn rehberli\u011findeki heyetle n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ran \u00e7ap\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 istense de teknik sorunlardan dolay\u0131 sadece Tahran\u2019da ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi bildirilmektedir.[42]<\/a> 1852 tarihindeki n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131ndan sonra 1859, 1883 ve 1898 vb. d\u00f6nemlerde Tahran\u2019da ve \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda tahmin\u00ee olsa da n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir.[43]<\/a> Ama bu kadar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ile ilgili bir belge bile bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bunlar oldu\u011fu gibi asla a\u00e7\u0131klanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, g\u00fcndeme getirilmesi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. \u0130lk kez 1852 tarihinde ge\u00e7irilen Tahran n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ile ilgili tamamen \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imde 1974 tarihinde \u201c\u0130ran Zemin\u201d dergisinde bilgi verilmi\u015f ve ard\u0131nca kitap yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[44]<\/a> Ar\u015fivden elde edilen bu n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n belgelerinin el yazmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamen g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irdim, eyalet-vilayet, b\u00f6lge tasnifi, etnik tasnifi, teknik, kurgu, d\u00fczen ve i\u00e7erik itibar\u0131 ile tamamen tahrif edilmi\u015fli\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebilirim. \u0130ran\u2019da 1852 tarihinden 1900\u2019lere kadar defalarca ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f olan n\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131 ile ilgili sadece bu n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131, 120 y\u0131l ertelenme ile 1974 tarihinde tahrif edilmi\u015f bi\u00e7imde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ni\u00e7in 1852-1900 aras\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan n\u00fcfus ve etnik yap\u0131 ile ilgili say\u0131mlar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 a\u00e7\u0131klanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?! \u0130lgin\u00e7tir, \u0130ran\u2019da \u201c\u015eura-y\u0131 \u00c2li \u0130hsaiye \u2013 Y\u00fcksek \u0130statistik Kurumu\u201d, H\u015f. 1295 (1916) tarihinde \u0130ngiltere yanl\u0131s\u0131 Vusuk\u00fctd\u00f6vle kabinesi d\u00f6neminde kurulmu\u015ftur.[45]<\/a> Ama ni\u00e7in \u0130ran\u2019da sistemli n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7irilmesini 1956 tarihine kadar ertelemi\u015flerdir?! Biz bu ve di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok sorunun cevaplar\u0131n\u0131 bulmu\u015fuzdur.<\/p>\n

Konu ile ilgili yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fumuz \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, \u0130ran\u2019da vahim bir T\u00fcrk soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat etmektedir. K\u0131sacas\u0131 1917-1919 ve di\u011fer bir bak\u0131\u015fla 1917-1921 tarihleri aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7l\u0131k ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m, \u0130ran T\u00fcrklerini ve T\u00fcrk egemenli\u011fini hedef alan bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m olmu\u015ftur diye biliriz.<\/p>\n

\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n etnik ve n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili Avrupa, Rusya kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivlerini[46]<\/a> ve \u0130ran istatistik verilerini, yazarlar\u0131n tahminlerini kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya analiz etti\u011fimizde olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara varmaktay\u0131z. Ama genel olarak \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n 1917\u2019ye gelindi\u011finde \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun 19 ila 20 Milyon oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir. 1914-1918 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivlerine dayal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131z sonucu bu rakam\u0131n 14 milyon, 1921 sonras\u0131 rakamlar ise 9 ila 10 milyon (1917 \u00f6ncesine ait n\u00fcfus s\u00f6z konusudur) olarak g\u00f6sterilmektedir.[47]<\/a> Bizim kendi analizlerimize g\u00f6re ise 1917\u2019de \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun 18 milyon civar\u0131nda olmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n

1917 a\u00e7l\u0131k ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan sonra 1921 tarihinde \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun 10 milyon civar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Yan\u0131 8-9 milyon insan kayb\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

Bizim yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fumuz geni\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve analizler sonucu gelmi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz sonu\u00e7 \u015fu ki 1917 tarihinde \u0130ran n\u00fcfusunun en az %65-70\u2019ini T\u00fcrkler olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Yani \u0130ran\u2019da genel kan\u0131ya g\u00f6re n\u00fcfus 20 Milyon ise 14 milyonunu, bizim kendi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131z sonucu elde etti\u011fimiz rakamla, yani 18 milyon ise tahminen 12 milyonunu T\u00fcrkler olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Biz konu ile ilgili Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Kafkasya\u2019daki Harb\u00ee Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivlerinin, Avrupa ve \u0130ran yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n eyalet, vilayet, b\u00f6lge ve nahiyelerle \u00f6zellikle \u015fehirlerle ilgili vermi\u015f olduklar\u0131 esas bilgileri g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmi\u015f ve d\u00f6nemin siyasal toplumsal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 analiz ederek bu sonuca varm\u0131\u015f\u0131zd\u0131r. Yani 1917 tarihinde \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun 18 milyon olmas\u0131 fikrini b\u00f6yle geli\u015fi g\u00fczel s\u00f6ylememi\u015fizdir. Nitekim 1917-1919 tarihlerindeki a\u00e7l\u0131k ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun 8 milyonunu kaybettirmi\u015ftir. 1919 tarihinde 10 milyon civar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczdesi tamam\u0131 ile T\u00fcrklerin aleyhine de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrklerin y\u00fczdesi ortalama \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun %50\u2019lerine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle soyk\u0131r\u0131m kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n 7 milyonunu T\u00fcrk ve 1 milyonunu gayri T\u00fcrk kurbanlar olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

K\u0131tl\u0131k ve a\u00e7l\u0131k olay\u0131na bir tan\u0131ktan \u00f6rnek:<\/p>\n

Viat Southard, Nisan 1918 tarihinde yaz\u0131yor: \u201c\u2026caddenin kenar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcyen say\u0131s\u0131z \u00e7\u0131plak ve yal\u0131nayak \u00e7ocuklar g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz… Derileri y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015f, renkleri solmu\u015f, kemik ve deriden olu\u015fan \u00e7ocuklar… Gidiyorlar… Nereye gittiklerini bilmeseler de d\u00fc\u015fe-kalka y\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar… Cadde kenarlar\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fenler \u00e7oktur… Kargalar \u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n fal ta\u015f\u0131 gibi a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u015fi\u015fe gibi parlayan g\u00fczlerini didikleyerek (dimdikleyerek) kaz\u0131yorlar…\u201d[48]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201c…Hemedan\u2019da[49]<\/a> insanlar insan eti yemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar…\u201d[50]<\/a><\/p>\n

Mevcut verileri temel alarak 1917, 1921 ve 2006 tarihleri aras\u0131ndaki \u00fclke n\u00fcfusu \u00fczerine yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fumuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sonucu b\u00f6yle g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu konuyu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fumuz ara\u015ft\u0131rma yak\u0131nda \u201c\u0130ran\u2019da Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve Etno-Jeopolitik \u0130nhilal\u201d ad\u0131 ile kitap olarak yay\u0131nlanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de a\u00e7l\u0131k ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m olmu\u015f mu?<\/h2>\n

Bu konu ile ilgili 1918-1920 y\u0131llar\u0131na ait an\u0131lar\u0131, o d\u00f6nem istatistik verilerini ayn\u0131 zamanda m\u00fcttefik kuvvetlerin i\u015fgal ordular\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, gayri T\u00fcrklerin T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 silahland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrklerin silahs\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkeyi kendi kontrollerine almalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fck.<\/p>\n

Bu i\u015fgal ordular\u0131 ile ilgili merhum Halide han\u0131mefendinin yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kendi an\u0131lar\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle de\u011finilmektedir: \u201c\u2026Vali \u0130zzet Bey de d\u00e2hil, memurlar\u0131 K\u00f6rdonboyu\u2019na s\u00fcr\u00fckleyerek (Zito Venizelos!) diye ba\u011f\u0131rmaya zorlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Buna boyun e\u011fmeyenleri Kordon\u2019da saatlerce y\u00fcr\u00fcterek \u00fcstlerini ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7alam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bir hayli kanl\u0131 olaylarda olmu\u015ftu. Bu olaylar aras\u0131nda \u015fehit olanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 hayli y\u00fcksektir. Hatta askerler ve baz\u0131 komutanlar da bunun i\u00e7indedir. Fakat i\u015fin \u015fa\u015f\u0131lacak (!) yan\u0131, bunun \u0130tilaf donanmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcnde yap\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130\u015fte Mister Lloyd George\u2019un T\u00fcrkleri Medenile\u015ftirmek hareketine b\u00f6yle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d[51]<\/a> Merhum Halide Edip Ad\u0131var, az da olsa bazen \u00fclkedeki a\u00e7l\u0131klara da de\u011finmektedir.[52]<\/a> Ama bu yetmez! Maalesef bu elim olay\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de baz\u0131 kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131 perdeler diye \u00fczerine gidilmemi\u015f ve bu vahim a\u00e7l\u0131k g\u00fcndeme getirilmemi\u015ftir diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Ama bize g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye bilim adamalar\u0131, bu milyonlarca insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sebebiyet veren olaylar\u0131n \u00fczerine gitmeli ve bu a\u00e7l\u0131kla tatbik ettirilmi\u015f olan katliam\u0131n derin derinine \u00f6\u011frenilmesi ve g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bizim istatistik veriler \u00fczerinden (m\u00fchendislik yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa) yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fumuz incelemelere g\u00f6re 1913-1923 istatistik verilerine g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Lozan anla\u015fmas\u0131 sonras\u0131 topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan arazide 3 milyon kay\u0131p s\u00f6z konusudur. Yine s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorum istatistik rakamlar \u00fczerinde m\u00fchendislik yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa da bu rakam yine ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi g\u00f6stermiyor diyebilirim. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de o d\u00f6nem kurbanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 daha fazla olmu\u015f diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

\u0130statistik verilere g\u00f6re 1913 tarihinde Hatay hari\u00e7 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u015fimdiki topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde 15.821.000 ki\u015fi, 1923 tarihinde 13.093.000 ki\u015fi ve 1927 say\u0131m\u0131nda ise 13.648.000 ki\u015fi olmu\u015ftur. Yani 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 1913-1923 aralar\u0131nda \u00fclke n\u00fcfusu artmam\u0131\u015f tam tersine yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 milyon da kayba u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ve 1923-1927 aralar\u0131nda ise \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunda yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131m milyon art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.[53]<\/a><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun bug\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan n\u00fcfusunun tahminleri (Hatay d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda), 1884-1927<\/strong>[54]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
1884 – 12.587 M.<\/td>\n1897 –\u00a0 13.996 M.<\/td>\n1910 \u2013 15.371 M.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1913 \u2013 15.821 M.<\/td>\n1923 \u2013 13.093 M.<\/td>\n1927 \u2013 13.648 M.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu 3 milyon kayb\u0131n 1915 tehcir olaylar\u0131nda Ermenilerin katliam edildi\u011fi propagandas\u0131 yap\u0131larak bir taraftan da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin su\u00e7lu duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi s\u00f6z konusudur. T\u00fcrkiye bilim adamlar\u0131 bu konuyu ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok ihmal etmi\u015ftir diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Ama bunlara ra\u011fmen Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdire lay\u0131k bir hareketle Ermenilerle ilgili bir\u00e7ok belgeleri yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[55]<\/a> Bu belgeleri incelerken \u201cErmeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u201d ifadesinin ne kadar ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmekteyizdir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivlerini a\u00e7mas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 o d\u00f6nemle ilgili ar\u015fivleri a\u00e7mamakta \u0131srarc\u0131 davranmas\u0131 di\u011fer taraftan b\u00f6lge ile ilgili en \u00e7ok taraf \u00fclke olan \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin, Kraliyet ar\u015fivlerinde bulundurulan 1915-1923 y\u0131llar\u0131na ait belgeleri tam a\u00e7mak istememesi[56]<\/a> T\u00fcrk kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olaylar\u0131n vahametinden haber vermektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumunun verileri \u00fczerine yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fumuz taramalarda de\u011ferli bilgiler bulunmu\u015ftur. Do\u011frudur, veriler \u00fczerinde 1921\u2019lerde oynanm\u0131\u015f olabilir. Verilerin duruma uygun bir bi\u00e7imde m\u00fchendisli\u011fi yap\u0131labilir. Ama k\u00f6k esas kay\u0131tlarda kaza, nahiye, vilayet ve eyaletler \u00fczerine ge\u00e7irilen say\u0131mlar\u0131n el yazmalar\u0131 yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilebilir. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 milyon kay\u0131pla beraber bir de o d\u00f6nemde Balkan G\u00f6\u00e7leri olmu\u015ftur ki bu g\u00f6\u00e7 de her tarafl\u0131 incelenmeye de\u011fer bir konudur. Balkan G\u00f6\u00e7lerini konu alan S. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m[57]<\/a> kendi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda g\u00f6\u00e7 m\u00fcbadelesi ile ilgili \u015f\u00f6yle bilgi vermektedir:<\/p>\n

\u201c1911 ve 1923 y\u0131l\u0131 n\u00fcfus rakamlar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya koydu\u011fu gibi Yunanistan topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Bulgarlar\u0131n tamam\u0131 ile S\u0131rbistan\u2019daki Rumlar\u0131n tamam\u0131 yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. 24 Haziran 1913\u2019te ise bu sefer Yunan ordusunun sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 sonucu Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n merkezinden Bulgar n\u00fcfusu g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalacakt\u0131r. Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131 ve sonras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6\u00e7ler, Balkan co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki demografik yap\u0131da son derece \u00f6nemli ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler meydana getirdi. Yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak bu d\u00f6nemde Balkan co\u011frafyas\u0131nda 2.300.000 ile 2.500.000 aras\u0131nda Rum, Bulgar ve T\u00fcrk g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7ler sava\u015f ya da s\u00fcrg\u00fcn gibi zorla tahliye, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc g\u00f6\u00e7ler ya da anla\u015fmalar yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.\u201d S. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m,\u00a0 Balkanlardaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye olan g\u00f6\u00e7ler hakk\u0131nda ise \u015fu istatistik rakamlar\u0131 vermektedir:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130pek, S\u0131rp, Yunan ve Bulgarlar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7en b\u00f6lgenin n\u00fcfusunun sava\u015f \u00f6ncesinde 4.695.200\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn H\u0131ristiyan, 2.315.293\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn ise M\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu\u011funu ifade etmektedir. 1890\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Osmanl\u0131 Avrupa\u2019s\u0131nda ya\u015fayan n\u00fcfus i\u00e7erisinde 6.337.000 ki\u015finin i\u00e7inde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar 3.010.000 ki\u015fi ile %43\u2019l\u00fck bir orana sahipti. Ayr\u0131ca 1911 y\u0131l\u0131 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re Balkan co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcndeki n\u00fcfusun %51\u2019i M\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131. Sava\u015f sonunda bu say\u0131n\u0131n 1 milyon 445.179\u2019u (%62) T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir.<\/em> 870.114\u2019\u00fc ise geride kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan 313.922\u2019si Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131nda (1912-1920) T\u00fcrkiye g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 398.849 ki\u015fi ise 1921-1926 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda M\u00fcbadele Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6\u00e7 etmek \u00fczere topraklar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lanlar\u0131n ancak 812 bin kadar\u0131n\u0131n hayatta kalabildi\u011fi ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ula\u015fabildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re 632.408\u2019inin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi hesap edilmektedir. Yine d\u00f6nemin A\u015fair ve Muhacirin M\u00fcd\u00fcriyet-i Umumiyyesi M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Hamdi Bey\u2019in Meclis-i Ayan\u2019da verdi\u011fi bilgiye g\u00f6re, 93 Harbi ve sonras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 854.870, Me\u015frutiyet ve Balkan Harbi sonras\u0131 gelenler ise 450.000 olarak verilmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re toplam olarak elden \u00e7\u0131kan Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusun %27\u2019si can vermi\u015ftir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak bu co\u011frafyadaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n genel olarak %35 kadar\u0131 da s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki n\u00fcfusun %62 kadar\u0131 art\u0131k bir \u015fekilde bu topraklarda ya\u015famamaktad\u0131r. Art\u0131k %20\u2019lere bile varamayan bir oranda ve az\u0131nl\u0131k konumundad\u0131rlar.\u201d[58]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de mevcut verilere g\u00f6re 3 milyon kay\u0131pla beraber ek olarak 1 ila 1,5 milyon Balkan g\u00f6\u00e7leri ile \u00fcst \u00fcste 4 ila 4,5 milyon insan kayb\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. Yani T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfusu 1913 tarihinde 15.821.000 ise 1923\u2019te 13.093.000\u2019e d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hem de 1 ila 1,5 milyon g\u00f6\u00e7 almas\u0131na ra\u011fmen.<\/p>\n

Kazakistan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Nursultan Nazarbayev taraf\u0131ndan verilen emir \u00fczerine a\u00e7l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131k \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn esas k\u00f6k veriler yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilerek katliam belgeleri ispat edilir nitelik kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu da ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapabilir. Hatta Ukrayna Cumhuriyeti de Holodomor 1932-1933 olaylar\u0131n\u0131n soyk\u0131r\u0131m olmas\u0131 talebini b\u00f6yle ince bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00dc\u0130K taraf\u0131ndan seri bi\u00e7imde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f veriler d\u00e2hil di\u011fer diplomatik, ekonomik ve o d\u00f6nem toplumsal yap\u0131ya dair veriler \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekteyiz. Kitab\u0131n ikinci cildi olarak \u201cT\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve Etno-Jeopolitik \u0130nhilal\u201d ad\u0131 ile yay\u0131nlanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Azerbaycan\u2019da \/ Kafkasya\u2019da T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131k ve katliam uygulanm\u0131\u015f m\u0131?<\/h2>\n

Azerbaycan ve Kafkasya\u2019da kaydedilen tarihlerde a\u00e7l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131k ve katliam siyasetinin uygulan\u0131p uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmemiz i\u00e7in ilk \u00f6nce o b\u00f6lgenin n\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmemizde yarar vard\u0131r. Bu konu ile ilgili orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak do\u011fru bilgileri yine 1905\u2019te A. \u015eerifin yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu eserden aktaraca\u011f\u0131z. A. \u015eerif, Kafkasya ile ilgili \u00c7ar Rusya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n istatistik verilerine dayanarak \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\u201cRusya\u2019n\u0131n Asya s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerinden olan Kafkasya k\u0131tas\u0131, Hazar denizi ile Kara deniz aras\u0131nda enli bir ge\u00e7itten olu\u015fan, kuzeyden Avrupa Rusya\u2019s\u0131,\u00a0 do\u011fudan Hazar ve g\u00fcneyden \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Aras (Araz) \u00e7ay\u0131 (Nehri) ile ve bat\u0131dan Kara deniz ile s\u0131n\u0131rlanmaktad\u0131r. Gur (K\u00fcr) \u00e7ay\u0131 (Nehir), Araz \u00e7ay\u0131 ile birle\u015ferek Hazar denizine d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr ve b\u00f6lgenin en \u00f6nemli \u00e7ay\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d[59]<\/a>\u00a0 Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 470 bin km. olup ve n\u00fcfusu ise 8 milyon tahmin edilmektedir. 160.000 n\u00fcfusu olan Tiflis, Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fehri olarak b\u00f6lgenin merkezi konumundad\u0131r.[60]<\/a> Kaydetmem yerinde olur ki A. \u015e. Eserin di\u011fer bir sayfas\u0131nda Rusya s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerinin istatistik verilerini verirken bu b\u00f6lgeyi \u201carazi olarak 472 bin km. ve n\u00fcfus olarak 9.250.000 ki\u015fi\u201d vermi\u015ftir.[61]<\/a> G\u00f6r\u00fclen A. \u015eerif, yukar\u0131daki 470 bin km. arazi ve 8 milyon n\u00fcfusu tahmin \u00fczerine vermi\u015f, son rakamlar\u0131 ise istatistik rakamlardan alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani 472 bin km. arazide 9.250.000<\/strong> n\u00fcfus say\u0131s\u0131 istatistiktir. Ayr\u0131ca bu rakamlar\u0131 verdi\u011fi sayfada s\u00f6m\u00fcrge b\u00f6lgelerin net istatistik rakamlar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu b\u00f6lgenin ahalisi ile ilgili \u015f\u00f6yle bilgi aktarmaktad\u0131r: \u201cburada ya\u015fayan ahali bir \u0131rktan olmay\u0131p \u00e7e\u015fitli kavimlerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcrc\u00fc\u2019ler, \u00c7erkez\u2019ler, Ermeni\u2019ler, Lezgi\u2019ler, Acem\u2019ler, Abaze\u2019ler ve T\u00fcrk-Tatar\u2019lar ya\u015far.\u201d[62]<\/a> B\u00f6lgenin dini ile ilgili ise \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: \u201cAhalinin ekseriyet (\u00e7o\u011funluk) \u00fczere mezhepleri \u0130slam olup baz\u0131lar\u0131 dahi H\u0131ristiyan\u2019d\u0131r.\u201d[63]<\/a> Dikkat edilirse tarif edilen b\u00f6lgenin, etnik yap\u0131s\u0131 daha \u00e7ok bug\u00fcnk\u00fc co\u011frafi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re Da\u011f\u0131stan, \u00c7e\u00e7enistan, \u00c7erkez b\u00f6lgesi ve G\u00fcney Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131, yani Ruslar\u0131n \u201cKafkasya \u00d6tesini\u201d an\u0131msatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kafkasya ile ilgili olan bu veriler Rusya\u2019n\u0131n 1897 tarihli o d\u00f6nem en son n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na dayanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir ifade ile Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 1897 tarihinde 472 bin km. arazi i\u00e7inde 9.250.000<\/strong> ki\u015fi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi ise Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc co\u011frafi ve etnik yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden ele alal\u0131m. Genel olarak s\u00f6ylersek Kafkasya \u015fu an esasen iki k\u0131s\u0131mdan \u2013 Kuzey ve G\u00fcney Kafkasya b\u00f6lgelerinden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cKafkasya, terim olarak co\u011frafi anlamda ilk kez Ruslar\u0131n 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda I. Petro d\u00f6neminde Petersburg\u2019da kurulan \u0130mparatorluk Bilimler Akademisinin bilim adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcney Kafkasya dedi\u011fimiz b\u00f6lge, Ruslar\u0131n \u201cZakavkaz\u201d, \u0130ngilizlerin \u201cTranscaucasus\u201d, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u201cMavera-i Kafkasya\u201d dedikleri asl\u0131nda G\u00fcney Kafkasya de\u011fil, Kafkas \u00d6tesi anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.\u201d[64]<\/a><\/p>\n

Kafkasya;<\/p>\n

Rusya Federasyonunun g\u00fcney k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer alan Kafkasya co\u011fraf\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131dan bir Avrupa \u00fclkesidir. Kafkas s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 G\u00fcney Kafkasya\u2019dan ay\u0131r\u0131rken, Avrupa s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n da g\u00fcneydo\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Karadeniz\u2019den Hazar denizine do\u011fru Kafkasya\u2019da yer alan cumhuriyetlerin etnik ve demografik yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n

Adige Cumhuriyeti;<\/p>\n

7600 km\u2019lik bir sahay\u0131 i\u015fgal eden Adige Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti Maykop \u015fehridir. Cumhuriyet n\u00fcfusunun %70\u2019ini Ruslar, %23\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc Adigeler meydana getirir. Adigelerin 1989 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 124 bin ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n

Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya Cumhuriyeti;<\/p>\n

14100 km\u2019lik bir b\u00f6lgeyi kaplayan Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti \u00c7erkessk \u015fehridir. Cumhuriyet s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde Kara\u00e7ayl\u0131lar, Kabardeyler, Besleneyler, Abazalar, Nogaylar, Ruslar, Osetler ve Ukrayna Kozaklar\u0131 ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. B\u00f6lge n\u00fcfusunun %40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 Ruslar ve Kozaklar, %35\u2019ini Kara\u00e7ayl\u0131lar, %10\u2019unu Kabardey ve Besleneyler, %6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 Abazalar, %3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc Nogaylar olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. 1989 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re Kara\u00e7ayl\u0131lar 156 bin, Kabardey ve Besleneyler 50 bin, Abazalar 33 bin ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n

Kabardey-Balkarya Cumhuriyeti;<\/p>\n

12470 km. bir sahada yer alan Cumhuriyetin ba\u015fkenti Nal\u00e7ik \u015fehridir. Cumhuriyet n\u00fcfusunun %45\u2019ini Kabardeyler, %37\u2019sini Ruslar, %10\u2019unu Balkarl\u0131lar olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. 1989 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re Kabardeyler 394 bin, Balkarl\u0131lar 88 bin ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n

Kuzey Osetya Cumhuriyeti;<\/p>\n

Alanya ad\u0131n\u0131 alan cumhuriyetin y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 8000 km.\u2019dir. Ba\u015fkenti Vladikavkaz \u015fehri olan cumhuriyetin n\u00fcfusunun %48\u2019si Oset, %39\u2019u Rus, %13\u2019\u00fc Kumuk, \u0130ngu\u015f ve G\u00fcrc\u00fclerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Oset\u2019lerin 1989 n\u00fcfusu 600 bin ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7e\u00e7en Cumhuriyeti;<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7kerya ad\u0131n\u0131 alan Cumhuriyetin ba\u015fkenti Grozni (Coharkala) \u015fehridir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 13 bin km.\u2019lik y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc olan cumhuriyetin n\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00c7e\u00e7en-Rus sava\u015f\u0131 sebebiyle tam olarak tespit edilememi\u015ftir. \u00c7e\u00e7enlerin 1992 y\u0131l\u0131 n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 1 milyon ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngu\u015f Cumhuriyeti;<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkenti Nasran \u015fehri olan Cumhuriyet 6 bin km.\u2019lik bir b\u00f6lgeyi kaplamaktad\u0131r. 1989 y\u0131l\u0131 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re \u0130ngu\u015f\u2019lar 237 bin ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n

Da\u011f\u0131stan Cumhuriyeti;<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkenti Maha\u00e7kala olan Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019da pek \u00e7ok etnik grup bir arada ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. 1989 y\u0131l\u0131 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re Da\u011f\u0131stan halklar\u0131ndan Avarlar 604 bin, Lezgiler 466 bin, Darg\u0131lar 365 bin, Kumuklar 282 bin, Laklar 118 bin, Tabasaranlar 98 bin, Rutullar 20 bin, Tsahurlar 20 bin, Agullar 19 bin ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n

Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 ile ilgili bilgilerimiz 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sovyet d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan resm\u00ee n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Sovyetler Birli\u011finin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra Rusya Federasyonu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n son n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 ile ilgili kesin bilgiler mevcut de\u011fildir. 1979 ve 1989 y\u0131llar\u0131na ait n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 bilgilerinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n on y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7indeki n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f oranlar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Buradan elde edilecek veriler Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n 1999 y\u0131l\u0131 tahmini n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131 elde etmemize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n 1979-1989 n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131 ve on y\u0131ll\u0131k n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f oranlar\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak hesaplanan 1999 y\u0131l\u0131 tahmin\u00ee n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131 vermektedir.<\/p>\n

Kafkasya Halklar\u0131n\u0131n N\u00fcfuslar\u0131<\/em><\/strong>[65]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1979-1989<\/td>\n1999<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1979<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

1989<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

Art\u0131\u015f Oran\u0131<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

Tahmin\u00ee N\u00fcfus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Abaza<\/td>\n29.497<\/td>\n33.800<\/td>\n14.6<\/td>\n38.736<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Abhaz<\/td>\n90.915<\/td>\n102.938<\/td>\n13.2<\/td>\n116.526<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Adige<\/td>\n108.711<\/td>\n124.941<\/td>\n14.9<\/td>\n143.557<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7erkes<\/td>\n46.470<\/td>\n52.356<\/td>\n12.7<\/td>\n59.005<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kabardey<\/td>\n321.719<\/td>\n39.4651<\/td>\n22.7<\/td>\n484.237<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kara\u00e7ay<\/td>\n131.074<\/td>\n156.140<\/td>\n19.1<\/td>\n185.963<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Malkar<\/td>\n66.334<\/td>\n88.771<\/td>\n33.8<\/td>\n118.438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oset<\/td>\n541.893<\/td>\n597.802<\/td>\n10.3<\/td>\n659.376<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7e\u00e7en<\/td>\n755.782<\/td>\n958.309<\/td>\n26.8<\/td>\n1.215.136<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0130ngu\u015f<\/td>\n186.198<\/td>\n237.577<\/td>\n27.6<\/td>\n303.148<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Avar<\/td>\n482.844<\/td>\n604.202<\/td>\n25.1<\/td>\n755.857<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lezgi<\/td>\n382.611<\/td>\n466.833<\/td>\n22.0<\/td>\n569.536<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Darg\u0131<\/td>\n287.282<\/td>\n365.797<\/td>\n27.3<\/td>\n465.660<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kumuk<\/td>\n228.418<\/td>\n282.178<\/td>\n23.5<\/td>\n348.490<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lak<\/td>\n100.148<\/td>\n118.386<\/td>\n18.2<\/td>\n139.932<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tabasaran<\/td>\n75.239<\/td>\n9.844<\/td>\n30.8<\/td>\n128.770<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rutul<\/td>\n15.032<\/td>\n20.672<\/td>\n37.5<\/td>\n28.424<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tsahur<\/td>\n13.478<\/td>\n20.055<\/td>\n48.8<\/td>\n29.842<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Agul<\/td>\n12.078<\/td>\n19.936<\/td>\n65.1<\/td>\n32.914<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Rusya Federasyonunda yer alan Kafkasyal\u0131 milletlerin 1989 y\u0131l\u0131na gibi toplam n\u00fcfusu 4.655.188<\/strong>, 1999 tarihine gibi tahminen 5.823.000 <\/strong>ki\u015fi ve sahip olduklar\u0131 topraklar\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc ise 300 bin<\/strong> km.\u2019yi bulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ruslar\u0131n \u201cZakavkaz\u201d, \u0130ngilizlerin \u201cTranscaucasus\u201d, T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u201cMavera-i Kafkasya\u201d veya \u201cKafkas \u00d6tesi\u201d dedikleri G\u00fcney Kafkasya b\u00f6lgesine gelelim.<\/p>\n

Azerbaycan, Ermenistan ve G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n n\u00fcfus ve y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
2016 verilerine g\u00f6re<\/strong><\/td>\nY\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc<\/strong><\/td>\nN\u00fcfus <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Azerbaycan<\/td>\n86.600 km.<\/td>\n9.762.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcrcistan<\/td>\n69.700 km.<\/td>\n3.719.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ermenistan<\/td>\n29.743<\/td>\n2.925.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn G\u00fcneyli-Kuzeyli Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n N\u00fcfusu tahminen 22.229.000<\/strong> ve y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc ise 486.430<\/strong> kilometrekareden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka bir ifade ile 1897 N\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re 472<\/strong> bin km. arazi i\u00e7inde 9.250.000<\/strong> ki\u015fi ya\u015f\u0131yordu ise bug\u00fcn bir deyimle 103 y\u0131l (Kuzey Kafkasya 1999 verileri), di\u011fer bir deyimle de (G\u00fcney Kafkasya 2016 verileri) 120 y\u0131l sonra 22.229.000<\/strong> ki\u015fi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Konuyu daha iyi anlamam\u0131z i\u00e7in iki \u00f6rnek verelim. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda 13.093.000 ki\u015fi oldu\u011fu halde bu g\u00fcn 80.000.000, \u0130ran ise 1919\u2019da 10.000.000 oldu\u011fu halde bu g\u00fcn 80.000.000 milyon n\u00fcfusa ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye ile \u0130ran yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 kat artarkken Kafkasya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ortalama 2 kat art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Do\u011frudur, T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00f6zellikle G\u00fcrc\u00fc ve Ermenilerin Rusya\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerine g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f kesimi de az olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ama bu g\u00f6\u00e7ler ne kadar olsa da bu n\u00fcfustaki normal ola\u011fan art\u0131\u015f\u0131n olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemize neden olamaz. Konu daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131ls\u0131n diye Rusya Federasyon\u2019una yerle\u015fen T\u00fcrk ve gayri T\u00fcrk Kafkasyal\u0131lar\u0131n istatistik rakamlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da vermeyi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Liaisan \u015eahin\u2019in kendi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tabloyu daha \u00e7ok veriyle donatarak veriyoruz.<\/p>\n

Tablo. Rusya Federasyonu\u2019ndaki T\u00fcrk ve Kafkasya Topluluklar\u0131 ve N\u00fcfus Bilgileri (2010)[66]<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tatarlar<\/td>\n5.310.649<\/td>\nGagavuzlar<\/td>\n13.690<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ba\u015fkurtlar<\/td>\n1.584.554<\/td>\n\u015eorlar<\/td>\n12.888<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7uva\u015flar<\/td>\n1.435.872<\/td>\nNogaybaklar<\/td>\n8.148<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kazaklar<\/td>\n647.732<\/td>\nDolganlar<\/td>\n7.885<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Az. T\u00fcrk\u00fc<\/td>\n603.070<\/td>\nAh\u0131ska T\u00fcrkleri<\/td>\n4.825<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kumuklar<\/td>\n503.060<\/td>\nUygurlar<\/td>\n3.696<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yakutlar(Sahalar)<\/td>\n478.085<\/td>\nKumandinler<\/td>\n2.892<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00d6zbekler<\/td>\n289.862<\/td>\nTeleutlar<\/td>\n2.643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tuvalar<\/td>\n263.934<\/td>\nK\u0131r\u0131m Tatarlar\u0131<\/td>\n2.449<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kara\u00e7aylar<\/td>\n218.403<\/td>\nKarakalpaklar<\/td>\n1.466<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Balkarlar<\/td>\n112.924<\/td>\nTofalar<\/td>\n762<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Anadolu T\u00fcrkleri<\/td>\n105.058<\/td>\n\u00c7ul\u0131mlar<\/td>\n355<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nogaylar<\/td>\n103.660<\/td>\nKaraimler<\/td>\n205<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u0131rg\u0131zlar<\/td>\n103.422<\/td>\nK\u0131r\u0131m\u00e7aklar<\/td>\n90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Altaylar<\/td>\n74.238<\/td>\n\u00c7e\u00e7enler [67]<\/a><\/td>\n1.431.360<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hakaslar<\/td>\n72.959<\/td>\nErmeniler[68]<\/a><\/td>\n1.182.388<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u00fcrkmenler<\/td>\n36.885<\/td>\nAvar[69]<\/a><\/td>\n814.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oset[70]<\/a><\/td>\n515.000<\/td>\n\u00a0Lezgi[71]<\/a><\/td>\n412.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0130ngu\u015f[72]<\/a><\/td>\n413.000<\/td>\nG\u00fcrc\u00fc[73]<\/a><\/td>\n198.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ahiska T\u00fcrk\u00fc[74]<\/a><\/td>\n96.000<\/td>\nAbaza[75]<\/a><\/td>\n38.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kafkasya N\u00fcfusu ile ilgili di\u011fer bir \u00f6nemli belgeye de de\u011finelim. 17 Aral\u0131k 1926 tarihli Rusya n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00fclkenin genel n\u00fcfusu 146.200.000<\/strong> ki\u015fi olmu\u015ftur. Bu verilere g\u00f6re Rusya Federe Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti 100.500.000<\/strong>; Ukrayna Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti 28.900.000<\/strong>, Beyaz Rusya Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti 4.900.000<\/strong>, \u00d6zbekistan Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti 5.100.000<\/strong> ve Mavera-i Kafkasya 5.700.000<\/strong> ki\u015fi olarak verilmi\u015ftir.[76]<\/a><\/p>\n

Rusya taraf\u0131ndan o d\u00f6nemde, Sibirya b\u00f6lgesi ile ilgili verilen istatistik verilere yerinde de\u011finece\u011fizdir. Ama Kafkasya ile ilgili bu veriler olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Kafkasya\u2019da, 1897<\/strong> say\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re 128.000.000 <\/strong>n\u00fcfuslu Rusya\u2019n\u0131n 9.250.000<\/strong> ki\u015fisi ve 30 y\u0131l sonras\u0131, yan\u0131 1926<\/strong> tarihinde 146.200.000<\/strong> n\u00fcfuslu \u00fclkenin 5.700.000<\/strong> ki\u015fisi ya\u015famakta olmu\u015ftur. Bu \u015fu demektir ki Rusya \u00fclke olarak 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 20<\/strong> milyon n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ise de kendi eyaletlerinden biri olan Kafkasya\u2019da 3.750.000<\/strong> n\u00fcfus kayb\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1897-1926 Aras\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfus kayb\u0131[77]<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
N\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 Tarihi<\/td>\nRusya Genel N\u00fcfusu<\/td>\nKafkasya Genel N\u00fcfusu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1897<\/td>\n128.000.000<\/td>\n9.250.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1926<\/td>\n146.000.000<\/td>\n5.700.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n18.000.000 Art\u0131\u015f<\/td>\n3.750.000 Azalma<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bir de ekleyelim ki, bu 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7indeki n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 hesaplan\u0131rsa ve di\u011fer taraftan 1915 tehcir olaylar\u0131ndan sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi terk edip Revan Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve di\u011fer Kafkasya b\u00f6lgesine giden ve T\u00fcrk \u2013 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 katliamlarda bulunan Ermenileri eklersek, Kafkasya\u2019da kaydedilen tarihlerde en az\u0131ndan 4,5 milyonun \u00fcst\u00fcnde<\/strong> T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman insan\u0131n\u0131n kayb\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

\u015eunu da eklemem gerekiyor ki kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Sovyet d\u00f6nemi n\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131 Sovyet \u00f6ncesinden daha kalabal\u0131k olmu\u015ftur. Sovyet \u00f6ncesi Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da esas halk \u00c7e\u00e7en\u2019ler, bir de \u00c7erkezler olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6nce kaydetti\u011fimiz gibi \u00c7erkez\u2019ler de a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kla 1860\u2019lardan sonra esasen Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015fler. Yani bildi\u011finiz gibi Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n n\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131 G\u00fcney Kafkasya ile k\u0131yaslanmayacak kadar az olmu\u015ftur. Bunu Sovyet \u00f6ncesi istatistik veriler de ispat etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bizim incelemelerimize g\u00f6re Kafkasya\u2019da kaydedilen d\u00f6nem aras\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda 4,5 milyon<\/strong> kay\u0131p s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 M\u00fcttefik kuvvetlerin deste\u011fi ile esasen Ermeni silahl\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan katliamlar hakk\u0131nda di\u011fer yazar ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan az da olsa de\u011finilmi\u015ftir. Biz de, konu ile ilgili yay\u0131nlanacak olan kitapta bu ve di\u011fer burada de\u011finilmesi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir\u00e7ok konuya \u2013 mesela M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk Revan Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren nas\u0131l Ermenile\u015ftirildi\u011fini ve M\u00fcttefiklerin i\u015fgali ile yeni kurulmu\u015f Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti yap\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecini veya 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda n\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131 ile mescitleri ile bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u015fehri halinde olan Tiflis\u2019in H\u0131ristiyanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131-G\u00fcrc\u00fc\u2019le\u015ftirilmesi s\u00fcrecine mevcut belgelerle geni\u015f bi\u00e7imde de\u011finece\u011fizdir. Burada \u015fimdiye kadar de\u011finilmemi\u015f esas konu olan a\u00e7l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131kla ilgili bir belgeyi \u00f6rnek olarak verip di\u011fer konuya ge\u00e7ece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

Dr. M.G. Macit, General Lionel Dunsterville\u2019in (9 Kas\u0131m 1865 \u2013 18 Mart 1946) an\u0131lar\u0131na dayanarak \u015f\u00f6yle bir bilgi aktarmaktad\u0131r: \u201c\u2026Re\u015ft \u015fehri[78]<\/a> Haziran 1918 tarihinde \u0130ngiliz ordusunun eline ge\u00e7ti. Ama \u015fehrin \u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan tam kontrol\u00fcn ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam M\u00fccahidi Mirza K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Han\u0131n isyan\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Haziran\u0131n sonlar\u0131na kadar uzad\u0131. \u2026\u015eehir \u0130ngilizlerin eline ge\u00e7er-ge\u00e7mez, \u0130ngiliz Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 mevcut b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u0131dalardan y\u00fcksek oranda al\u0131p, Bak\u00fc\u2019deki[79]<\/a> k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in oraya g\u00f6nderdiler. O d\u00f6nem oradan mevcut belgelere g\u00f6re 500.000 ton g\u0131da al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hat\u0131rlatal\u0131m ki bu g\u0131dalar buradan al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman herg\u00fcn \u0130ran\u2019da binlerce insan ac\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00fcyordu\u2026\u201d[80]<\/a><\/p>\n

A\u00e7l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131k Kafkasya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131 sarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ngiliz ordusunun bu hareketi, Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 tamamen i\u015fgal etmek, kendi denetimini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in olmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131 ordular\u0131n\u0131n tahliyesinden do\u011facak olacak bo\u015fluklar\u0131 kendi denetimine almak i\u00e7indir. Gelecek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda bu konu geni\u015f bi\u00e7imde ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da a\u00e7l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131k olmu\u015f mu?<\/h2>\n

Kazakistan\u2019da a\u00e7l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131k konusu bir\u00e7ok Kazak yazarlar taraf\u0131ndan ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re de bizim i\u015fimiz zor olmad\u0131. Ama b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da uygulanan a\u00e7l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131k ve katliam\u0131 sadece Kazakistan\u2019la s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak do\u011fru olmaz diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Sadece Kazakistan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Say\u0131n Nursultan Nazarbayev, \u00fclkesinde kasten uygulanm\u0131\u015f olan a\u00e7l\u0131k ve k\u0131tl\u0131\u011fa sessiz kalmam\u0131\u015f ve \u00fczerine gidilmesine olanak sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tabii bu di\u011fer T\u00fcrkistan T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetleri yetkililerine sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k olmas\u0131n. Siyasi \u015fartlar Kazakistan cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Nursultan Nazarbayev\u2019den yana olmu\u015f, o da bu f\u0131rsat\u0131 ak\u0131ll\u0131 bir siyaset adam\u0131 olarak elden ka\u00e7\u0131rmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nce tarihsel yap\u0131da co\u011frafi anlamda T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n hangi b\u00f6lgeleri kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finmemiz yerinde olur. Bu alan\u0131n ender otoritelerinden biri olan Zeki Velidi Togan, T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle betimler:<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n idar\u00ee taksimat\u0131ndan bahsederken en \u00f6nce, bir co\u011frafya ismi olmak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00abT\u00fcrkistan\u00bb kelimesinin Ruslar taraf\u0131ndan pek suiistimal edildi\u011fini kaydetmek icap eder. .\u0130ran kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re Horasandaki \u00abMezduran\u00bb ge\u00e7idinin, K\u00fbhz\u00e2r Mescid da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fimal taraf\u0131, efsanev\u00ee \u00e7a\u011flardan beri, \u00abT\u00fcrkistan\u00bb diye adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u2026Araplar \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak \u00abT\u00fcrkistan\u00bb ad\u0131 M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fcnnehir – \u015fimdiki \u00d6zbekistan\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusundaki da\u011fl\u0131klara ve \u015fimalindeki \u00fclkelere, bilhassa Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019la \u015fimdiki K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ve Kazakistan \u00fclkelerine verilmi\u015ftir. \u0130slamiyet\u2019ten \u00f6nce, \u015ea\u015fard\u0131lar \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki durumu s\u00f6yleyen Musa Khorenaki eserinde \u00abTurkastanak\u00bb tabirini eski Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00abSkythia\u00bbsi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, on be\u015finci asr\u0131n bidayetinde yaz\u0131lan Temir Be\u011f sefaretn\u00e2melerinde dahi \u00abT\u00fcrkistan\u00bb tabiri M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fcnnehir d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk \u00fclkeleri manas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla beraber Hazar Denizinin \u015fimalindeki Khazar, O\u011fuz, Pe\u00e7enek, Bulgar ve Ba\u015fkurt\u2019lar\u0131n \u00fclkelerine de \u0130bn Fadl\u00e2n\u2019da (Arab\u00ee metni s. 8, 15, 17) \u00abBalad \u00fct-T\u00fcrk\u00bb, Ahmed Tus\u00ee ve sairede Fars\u00ee olarak \u00abT\u00fcrkistan\u00bb denilmi\u015ftir). Keza Ermeni m\u00fcellifi Sebeos ve Araplar (Ya\u2019q\u00fbb\u00ee) Pamir yaylas\u0131n\u0131 \u00abT\u00fcrkistan\u00bb diye adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn \u015eimal\u00ee Afganistan\u2019da T\u00fcrklerle mesk\u00fbn olan Balkh (Mezari \u015eerif) ve Badakh\u015fan taraflar\u0131 \u00abT\u00fcrkistan\u00bb tesmiye edildi\u011fi gibi, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Horasan vil\u00e2yetinin T\u00fcrkmenlerle mesk\u00fbn olan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na da \u00abT\u00fcrkistan\u00bb denir\u201d .[81]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bilindi\u011fi gibi M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fcnnehir – \u015fimdiki \u00ab\u00d6zbekistan\u00bb da T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerinden biri olarak Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Devletler Toplulu\u011funun T\u00fcrkistan Cumhuriyetleri \u2013 Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, \u00d6zbekistan, Tacikistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan ve \u00c7in denetiminde bulunan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ile Kuzey Afganistan T\u00fcrkistan arazisini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkistan arazisi ile ilgili Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Hasan Bahar[82]<\/a> kendi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda[83]<\/a> \u015f\u00f6yle izah etmektedir:<\/p>\n

a)<\/strong> Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan: Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 1.710.000 km.dir ve 73\u00b0 40′ ile 96\u00b7 20′ do\u011fu enlemi ile 35\u00b7 LO’ ile 49\u00b720′ kuzey boylam\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunur. Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcney ve kuzey olarak ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcneyi Tar\u0131m Havzas\u0131 ya da Ka\u015fgarya, kuzeyi ise \u00c7ungarya olarak bilinir: Tar\u0131m Havzas\u0131 Taklamakan \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc’n\u00fcn yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczl\u00fcklerden olu\u015fur. Bu d\u00fczl\u00fckler Kara Kurum ve Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131ndan do\u011fan Tar\u0131m \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 ile kollar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sulan\u0131r. Do\u011fusunda Bagra\u00e7 ve Lop G\u00f6l\u00fc yer al\u0131r. Do\u011fusu \u00c7in’in \u00c7inhay ve Gansu eyaletleri ile kom\u015fudur. 1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in’liler Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan’\u0131 Sinciang-Uygur Muhtar B\u00f6lgesi ad\u0131n\u0131 vererek muhtar bir b\u00f6lge ilan ettiler. 1992 y\u0131l\u0131 tahminlerine g\u00f6re n\u00fcfusu 17.665.019 ki\u015fidir. Bu n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k %54\u2019\u00fc T\u00fcrklerden olu\u015fur. T\u00fcrk topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n en kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 Uygurlard\u0131r. Genel n\u00fcfusa g\u00f6re Uygurlar %45,55, Kazaklar % 6,94, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar %0,87, Tacikler % 0,20, \u00d6zbekler 0,09, Tatar %0,02 ve di\u011ferleri %0,43 oran\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

b)<\/strong> Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan: Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Devletler Toplulu\u011fu egemenli\u011findeki Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan 3.836.503 km.’dir. Bug\u00fcn Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan’\u0131 Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan, Tacikistan ve \u00d6zbekistan Cumhuriyetleri meydana getirir. \u00dclke do\u011fudaki Altaylardan bat\u0131ya gidildik\u00e7e al\u00e7al\u0131r. \u00dclke da\u011flar, vadiler, \u00e7\u00f6ller, \u0131rmaklar ve g\u00f6lleri ile birbirine tezat te\u015fkil eden fiziki bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc sergiler. Aral G\u00f6l\u00fc’ne d\u00f6k\u00fclen Ceyhun 2350 km. ve Seyhun 1886 km. uzunluktad\u0131r. Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan’\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda Hazar Denizi, ortas\u0131nda Aral G\u00f6l\u00fc ve do\u011fusunda Balka\u015f G\u00f6l\u00fc yer almaktad\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

Konuya Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019la ba\u015flayal\u0131m;<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan<\/h2>\n

Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan, 1.828.418 km. y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc ile 1876 tarihinde \u00c7in h\u00fckumeti Man\u00e7u\u2019lar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmi\u015ftir. Bu i\u015fgalden sonra 1884\u2019te b\u00f6lgenin ad\u0131 \u00c7ince \u201cYeni Toprak\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cSinkiang – \u015eincang\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda vuku bulan Kom\u00fcnist devriminden sonra da 1955 tarihinde \u201cSinkiang Uygur Otonom \u2013 Muhtar B\u00f6lgesi\u201d ad\u0131 ile bug\u00fcnk\u00fc idari stat\u00fcs\u00fc kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7in\u2019in 1990 genel n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re 26.000.000 T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn oldu\u011fu bildirilmektedir.[84]<\/a><\/p>\n

Hindistan\u2019daki T\u00fcrk-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 siyasetleri 1803 Dehli\u2019nin (Delhi) \u0130\u015fgalinden ve \u00c7in\u2019deki T\u00fcrk-M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f mezalimi 1876 i\u015fgalinden \u00f6zellikle 1933-1944 sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerini i\u00e7ermek \u00fczere ele almak laz\u0131md\u0131r. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan T\u00fcrklerinin facialar\u0131 da Hindistan T\u00fcrkleri kadar a\u011f\u0131r olmu\u015f ve ayr\u0131 bir konu olarak gelecek kitab\u0131m\u0131z da ele almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da A\u00e7l\u0131k-K\u0131tl\u0131k ve Katliamlar<\/h2>\n

Elde olan verilere g\u00f6re 1918 sonras\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131k ve katliamlar yaln\u0131z Kazakistan\u2019la s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u00e7l\u0131k hem Kazakistan-K\u0131rg\u0131zistan b\u00f6lgesinde hem de Hive Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Buhara Emirli\u011finde, yani SSCB d\u00f6nemindeki \u00d6zbekistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan ve Tacikistan topraklar\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fka bir ifade ile 1918 sonras\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131k ve katliamlar b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunu \u00fczerinde m\u00fchendislik yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve hatta bazen m\u00fchendisli\u011fin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen yine mevcut n\u00fcfus kayb\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131 iki d\u00f6nem istatistik verilere g\u00f6re ele almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Biz bu konu ile ilgili \u201cT\u00fcrkistan Ar\u015fiv Belgeleri\u201d,[85]<\/a> Zaynabidin Abdirashidov,[86]<\/a> Ali Toraman,[87]<\/a> Liaisan \u015eahin,[88]<\/a> Yasemin G\u00fcne\u015f,[89]<\/a> A. Q. Volkov,[90]<\/a> Bakhtior Islamov,[91]<\/a> John Besemeres,[92]<\/a> Rus, Bat\u0131l\u0131, T\u00fcrkistan\u2019l\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019li ve di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irdik. Konu geni\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in burada sadece baz\u0131 verileri verece\u011fiz, di\u011ferleri kitapta geni\u015f bi\u00e7imde anlat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkstan\u2019\u0131n \u00c7ar d\u00f6nemi idari sistemi ile ilgili B. \u0130slamov\u2019un verdi\u011fi bilgilerle ba\u015flayal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

\u201cRusya idari sistemine g\u00f6re b\u00f6lgenin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirilmesi, yakla\u015f\u0131k iki as\u0131r boyunca (18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru) ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fti. 1867\u2019de iki b\u00fcy\u00fck idari birim – Bozk\u0131r<\/strong> ve T\u00fcrkistan<\/strong> H\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurulmu\u015ftur. Biri eski Uralsk, Turgaisk, Akmolinsk ve Semipalatinsk b\u00f6lgelerini kaps\u0131yordu. \u015eimdiki Kazakistan’\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te ikisini olu\u015fturuyordu. \u0130kincisi ise Sarkozyum ve Semirech d\u00e2hil olmakla Semerkant, Fergana ve Zakaspiysk b\u00f6lgelerini kaps\u0131yordu. 1896 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde, iki s\u00f6m\u00fcrge idaresi taraf\u0131ndan kapsanan b\u00f6lge, Buhara Emirli\u011fi ile Hive Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kendi Himayesine almas\u0131 ile \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, Tacikistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan ve \u00d6zbekistan boyutlar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131.\u201d[93]<\/a><\/p>\n

Yazar, b\u00f6lgede ge\u00e7irilen istatistik say\u0131lar\u0131 ile ilgili \u015f\u00f6yle bilgi aktarmaktad\u0131r: \u201cD\u00f6neme ait baz\u0131 k\u0131smi istatistiksel veriler mevcuttur. Ar\u015fivlere g\u00f6re, 1856-1864 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Hive’de Said Muhammed Han’\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z y\u00f6netimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ama T\u00fcrkistan, Buhara ve Bozk\u0131r y\u00f6netiminde bu demografik verilere e\u015fde\u011fer bir n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bozk\u0131r b\u00f6lgesi i\u00e7in toplanan en erken n\u00fcfus istatistikleri, 1858 tarihlidir. 1897-1913 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda daha fazla veri vard\u0131r. Bu veriler, 1897 genel n\u00fcfus say\u0131lar\u0131ndan ve di\u011fer resm\u00ee materyallerden elde edilebilir. Bu d\u00f6nem, Sovyet \u00f6ncesi i\u00e7in en iyi istatistik tabana sahip olsa da, halen iki sorun devam etmektedir. Birincisi, eski Buhara Emirli\u011fi ve Hive Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinin (daha sonra \u00d6zbekistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan ve Tacikistan aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr) Rus resm\u00ee verilerinden ayr\u0131 tutulmas\u0131; ikincisi, mevcut kaynaklar\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki n\u00fcfusun do\u011fal b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini d\u00fczg\u00fcn yans\u0131tabilmemesidir. “Asyatik Rusya” i\u00e7in en iyi kaynak olan 1909 ve 1910 n\u00fcfus ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 bile T\u00fcrkistan’daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfus i\u00e7in do\u011fum ve \u00f6l\u00fcm istatistiklerini tatmin edici bir bi\u00e7imde verebilmiyor ve kay\u0131t belgelerinin \u00e7o\u011fu mevcut de\u011fildir. T\u00fcm b\u00f6lgenin n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na dair veriler esasen \u201cZakaspiyskaya\u201d ve \u201cSemire\u00e7enskaya\u201d birimlerinin yerli halklar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine dayanarak tahmin edilmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00f6ntemin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki sorunlar, en \u00e7ok ahalinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u0131rderya ve Semerkant b\u00f6lgelerinde belirginle\u015fti. Bunlar daha sonra \u00d6zbekistan ve Kazakistan aras\u0131nda, sonra da \u00d6zbekistan ve Tacikistan aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc. Buna g\u00f6re, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge b\u00f6lgeler i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir y\u0131ll\u0131k verilerin bulunmamas\u0131 hem Bozk\u0131rda hem de T\u00fcrkistan b\u00f6lgelerinde kapsaml\u0131 demografik say\u0131m \u00fcretmeyi zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. K\u0131sacas\u0131, Rus d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131 kapsayan tam ve do\u011fru bir istatistik veri taban\u0131 mevcut de\u011fildir. Ayr\u0131ca, verilerin, idari birimlerdeki farkl\u0131l\u0131klardan kaynaklanan Rus ve Sovyet d\u00f6nemi istatistiklerin birbirine olan uyumsuzlu\u011fu nedeniyle zorla\u015f\u0131yor. Bununla birlikte, farkl\u0131 idari birimlerin bile\u015fimini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in haritalar kullanarak ve tek tek devletler i\u00e7in toplu dizinler \u00fcretmek suretiyle bu uyumsuzluk sorununu telafi etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Resm\u00ee yay\u0131nlarda 1897 ve 1913 y\u0131llar\u0131 i\u00e7in n\u00fcfus verilerini bulabiliriz: Bunlar Sovyet d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan yeniden hesaplamalar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r ve daha sonra ilgili cumhuriyetlerin resm\u00ee istatistiklerine d\u00e2hil edilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zbek say\u0131m uzmanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00d6zbekistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, Tacikistan ve T\u00fcrkmenistan’\u0131n toplam n\u00fcfusu 1865’e kadar olan ters projeksiyonlara ek olarak T\u00fcrkistan Devlet Ar\u015fivine dayan\u0131larak hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, 1897-1913 d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n n\u00fcfus dinamikleri \u00fczerine baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan tahminler, \u00d6zbek ekibinin tahminlerinden olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bu her d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in daha detayl\u0131 analizin gerekli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. 1914-1925 aras\u0131 on y\u0131l\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 daha zordur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc veri taban\u0131 ve sistemli istatistik verileri, 1914’ten itibaren k\u0131smen veya tamamen yok edilmi\u015ftir. <\/em>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131, \u015eubat-Ekim Devrimleri ve daha sonraki olayl\u0131 d\u00f6nemleri kapsayan y\u0131llara ait do\u011fru n\u00fcfus tahminleri \u00fcretme olduk\u00e7a zordur. Bu d\u00f6nem, hem yerli halklar i\u00e7in, hem de bu belirsiz y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a sevk edilen kay\u0131tl\u0131 olmayan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin y\u0131ll\u0131k verileri \u00e7ok zay\u0131ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu alanda ya\u015famsal istatistiklerin bulunmamas\u0131 nedeniyle, nispeten kapsaml\u0131 bir n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 olarak bilinen 1926 Say\u0131m\u0131 bile bu bo\u015flu\u011fu dolduramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eubat-Ekim 1917’de yap\u0131lan devrimler ve bunlar\u0131 izleyen isyanlar s\u0131ras\u0131nda kitlesel bi\u00e7imde yer de\u011fi\u015fmeler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1930’lar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndaki kolektifle\u015ftirme politikalar\u0131, T\u00fcrkistan bozk\u0131rlar\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6lleri ve da\u011flar\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7ebe yerle\u015fimcileri i\u00e7in haks\u0131z yere b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar do\u011furdu. yerel politik ve entelekt\u00fcel se\u00e7kinler de Stalin taraf\u0131ndan bask\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, 1921 ve 1933 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki a\u00e7l\u0131k s\u0131ras\u0131nda, devlet taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a y\u00f6nelik \u00f6zel bir planlama ile Avrupa b\u00f6lgelerinden etnik g\u00f6\u00e7 siyaseti uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle Volga Nehri \u00e7evresinden T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a b\u00fcy\u00fck insan kitlesi sevk edilmi\u015ftir.[94]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130slamov\u2019un vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu istatistik tabloya g\u00f6re 1897\u2019de yap\u0131lan genel n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n n\u00fcfusu 10,5<\/strong> milyon olmu\u015ftur.[95]<\/a><\/p>\n

Burada kaydetmem gerekiyor ki, B. \u0130slamov\u2019un bu de\u011ferli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda kaynak olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 veriler en az\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkistan T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusunu bir milyon az g\u00f6stermektedir. Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivinden elde etti\u011fimiz A. \u015eerif\u2019in \u201cCo\u011frafiya-i Umumi\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde \u00c7ar Rusya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n 1897 genel n\u00fcfus say\u0131lar\u0131na istinat ederek T\u00fcrkistan ile ilgili vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu bilgiler daha do\u011frudur diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1921 sonras\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan ve Orta Do\u011fu ile ilgili verilerin \u00fczerinde m\u00fchendisli\u011fin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz ve kendisi de T\u00fcrkistan istatistiksel verileri \u00fczerinde \u00f6zellikle 1914-1925 y\u0131llar\u0131na ait b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin tamamen yok edildi\u011fini ve sonradan m\u00fchendisli\u011fin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. Ama bu eser ar\u015fivde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle bir i\u015flenmeye tabi tutulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1921 sonras\u0131 istatistik kurumlardaki 1921 \u00f6ncesine ait istatistiksel veriler esasen d\u00f6nemin siyasi ama\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun \u015fekilde m\u00fchendisli\u011fe tabi tutularak akademik literat\u00fcre sunulmu\u015ftur. Bu yaln\u0131z Rusya\u2019ya \u00f6zg\u00fc bir olay de\u011fil, \u0130ngiltere de olaylar\u0131n \u00fczerinden y\u00fcz y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen o d\u00f6nemle ilgili ar\u015fiv belgelerini h\u00e2l\u00e2 tam a\u00e7mam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna \u00f6rnek olarak 1921 sonras\u0131 akademik literat\u00fcrlerde ve istatistik kurumlarda bulunan rakamlara dayanan b\u00fct\u00fcn akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar Rusya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n 1921 \u00f6ncesi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara a\u00e7l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131k ve katliamlar\u0131n olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlayacak sistemli bir bi\u00e7imde az g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f veriler sunulmu\u015ftur. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan biri de \u00f6nce \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na de\u011findi\u011fimiz Liaisan \u015eahin\u2019in[96]<\/a> mevcut literat\u00fcrlerdeki 1897 verilerine dayanarak Rusya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 13.906.972<\/strong> ki\u015fi g\u00f6stermesidir. Ama asl\u0131nda parmak say\u0131s\u0131yla bile hesaplasak 1897 say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re Kazak-K\u0131rg\u0131z b\u00f6lgesi 4.695.000,<\/strong> Hive-Buhara b\u00f6lgesi 7,7,<\/strong> Kafkasya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 7,5<\/strong>, toplam tahminen 20<\/strong> milyon M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk ya\u015famakta olmu\u015ftur. Tabi buraya Tataristan-\u0131 Sagir (K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Tataristan) ve Tataristan-\u0131 Kebir (B\u00fcy\u00fck Tataristan) denen 4 (Kazan, Ejderhan, K\u0131r\u0131m, Gaz\u0131mof) vilayet ve eyaletlerindeki T\u00fcrk M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 hen\u00fcz saymam\u0131\u015f\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da da belirtti\u011fimiz gibi Hive ve Buhara \u00e7evresinin n\u00fcfusu 1897 genel n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda 7.721.000<\/strong>[97]<\/a> ve Kazakistan resm\u00ee verilerine g\u00f6re Kazakistan\u2019\u0131nki 4.695.000 <\/strong>ki\u015fi olmu\u015ftur. Bu da \u015fu demektir ki Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan n\u00fcfusu 12.416.000 <\/strong>ki\u015fi olmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fka bir ifade ile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, \u00d6zbekistan, Tacikistan ve T\u00fcrkmenistan\u2019\u0131n 1897<\/strong> genel n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re 12.416.000<\/strong> n\u00fcfusu olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcymebayev, Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n resm\u00ee verilerine dayanarak n\u00fcfusun 1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda 6.000.000<\/strong> ila 7.000.000<\/strong> oldu\u011funu yazmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir ifade ile en az %60 n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. B\u00f6yle bir art\u0131\u015f\u0131n Hive ve Buhara b\u00f6lgesinde olma ihtimali yerle\u015fik hayat ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in daha fazlad\u0131r. Yani, Hive ve Buhara ahalisi ve T\u00fcrkmenistan b\u00f6lgesindeki Y\u00f6r\u00fcklerin 1920\u2019de n\u00fcfusu %60 art\u0131\u015fla en az\u0131ndan 10.000.000<\/strong> olmas\u0131 y\u00fcksek ihtimaldir. Ba\u015fka bir deyimle Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n \u2013 Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan, Tacikistan ve \u00d6zbekistan\u2019\u0131n 1917 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplam n\u00fcfusu ortalama 17.000.000<\/strong> olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi 1897<\/strong> ile 1926<\/strong> verilerini k\u0131yasla verelim. \u00d6nce belirtildi\u011fi gibi 1897<\/strong> tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f genel n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda \u00fclke n\u00fcfusu 128.000.000<\/strong>,[98]<\/a> 1926<\/strong>\u2019da ise 146.200.000<\/strong> ki\u015fi[99]<\/a> belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ek bilgi olarak Rusya\u2019n\u0131n 1927 say\u0131m\u0131nda 147, 1928\u2019de 150,4, 1929\u2019da 154,2 ve 1930\u2019da 157,4 milyon olu\u011fu belirtilmektedir.[100]<\/a><\/p>\n

1931 bask\u0131s\u0131 elimizde olan, yukar\u0131da da de\u011findi\u011fimiz \u0130. Dumaskovi\u00e7\u2019in eserindeki 1926<\/strong> tarihli verilere g\u00f6re 146.200.000 n\u00fcfuslu Sovyetlerde Rusya Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti 100.500.000; Ukrayna Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti 28.900.000, Beyaz Rusya Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti 4.900.000, \u00d6zbekistan Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti 5.100.000, K\u0131rg\u0131z-Kazak b\u00f6lgesi 1.000.000<\/strong> ve Mavera-i Kafkasya 5.700.000<\/strong> ki\u015fi olarak verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1897\u2019de 12.416.000<\/strong>, 1917\u2019de ortalama 17.000.000<\/strong> olan Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan (Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan, \u00d6zbekistan ve Tacikistan) 1926 tarihinde ge\u00e7irilen n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda 5.100.000+1.000.000 = 6.100.000<\/strong> ki\u015fiye d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Son olarak, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Kafkasya, Kazan, Ejderhan, K\u0131r\u0131m vb. merkez\u00ee b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 hesaba almadan sadece Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 1897 tarihine g\u00f6re 12.416.000 <\/strong>ve 1926\u2019da ise 6.100.000<\/strong> d\u00fc\u015fmesi ile yakla\u015f\u0131k 6.316.000 <\/strong>kay\u0131p s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

1897-1926 aras\u0131 Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfus kayb\u0131[101]<\/a> <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
N\u00fcfus Say\u0131m\u0131 Tarihi<\/td>\nRusya Genel N\u00fcfusu<\/td>\nBat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan Genel N\u00fcfusu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1897<\/td>\n128.000.000<\/td>\n12.416.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1926<\/td>\n146.000.000<\/td>\n6.100.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n18.000.000 art\u0131\u015f<\/td>\n6.316..000 Azalma<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00d6zbekistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan ve Tacikistan\u2019la ilgili \u015fimdilik bu 1919-1921 a\u00e7l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131k ve katliama y\u00f6nelik bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Olsa da biz g\u00f6rmemi\u015fizdir. Ama Kazakistan bu konuyu ele alm\u0131\u015f ve de\u011ferli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kazakistan\u2019da genel bir kanaate g\u00f6re Kazakistan\u2019daki a\u00e7l\u0131k ve k\u0131tl\u0131k 1921\u2019de 1.700.000<\/strong> ve 1931-1933[102]<\/a> y\u0131l\u0131nda ise 2.300.000<\/strong> ki\u015finin, yani toplamda 4.000.000<\/strong> insan\u0131n helak olmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bizim elde etti\u011fimiz verilere g\u00f6re Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da (Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, Tacikistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan ve \u00d6zbekistan), 1897-1926 aras\u0131 y\u0131llarda en az\u0131ndan n\u00fcfusta art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterilmeksizin, var olan mevcut \u00fczerinden 6.316.000<\/strong> ki\u015fi kaybedilmi\u015ftir. Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n 1931-1933 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki 2.300.000 ki\u015fi de eklenirse 8.616.000<\/strong> kay\u0131p demektir. Ama biz daha fazla oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Bu konunun, her \u015feye ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n yetkili organlar\u0131n\u0131n, Sivil Toplum Kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ve alan uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde durmas\u0131 gereken esas konulardan biridir diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

Burada Kazakistan\u2019daki k\u0131tl\u0131k-a\u00e7l\u0131kla ilgili bir \u00f6rnek belgeye de\u011finip \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131za son verece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

RSFSC Halk Komiserler Sovyeti Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Turar R\u0131skulov<\/strong><\/p>\n

9 Mart 1933. NTR \u2013 07\/C Moskova-Kremlin<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gizli Dosya: SSCBK(b)P Merkez Komitesine \u2013 Stalin Yolda\u015fa<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kopyas\u0131: SSCBK (b)P MK\u2019nin Tar\u0131m ve K\u00f6y \u0130\u015fleri B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019ne \u2013 Kaganovi\u00e7 Yolda\u015fa ve SSCB Halk Komiserleri Sovyeti\u2019ne \u2013 Molotov Yolda\u015fa<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2026Kazaklar aras\u0131nda a\u00e7l\u0131k ve veban\u0131n \u00e7ok yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finilmi\u015ftir. A\u00e7 biila\u00e7 insanlar \u00e7\u00f6p kutular\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmakta, bo\u011fazdan ge\u00e7en her \u015feyi, yabani bitkilerin k\u00f6klerini, ufak b\u00f6cek ve hayvanlar\u0131 yiyerek hayata tutunmaktalar. \u201co civarda k\u00f6pek ve kedi hi\u00e7 kalmam\u0131\u015f, ne kadar hayvan varsa avlanm\u0131\u015f ve yenilmi\u015f, Kazaklar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131n etraf\u0131nda k\u00f6pek, kedi ve ufak ba\u015fka hayvanlar\u0131n defalarca kaynat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kemikleri sa\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d Son zamanlarda \u00f6len insanlar\u0131n etini yiyenler hakk\u0131nda haberler gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u2026[103]<\/a><\/p>\n

Son olarak Kafkasya, Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan, \u0130ran ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki kay\u0131plar\u0131 bir tabloda vererek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 bitiriyoruz:<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan, Kafkasya, T\u00fcrkiye ve \u0130ran\u2019da insan kayb\u0131 tablosu<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan<\/td>\n1920-1933<\/td>\n8.616.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kafkasya<\/td>\n1916-1920<\/td>\n4.500.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u00fcrkiye<\/td>\n1918-1923<\/td>\n4.000.000 ila 4.500.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0130ran<\/td>\n1917-1919<\/td>\n8.000.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toplam kay\u0131p<\/td>\n<\/td>\n25.000.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi elde olan istatistik verilerle T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda A\u00e7l\u0131k-K\u0131tl\u0131k ve katliam ispat edilir niteliktedir. Biz bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar, Kafkasya, Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan, \u0130ran ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ele alarak incelemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Ama inan\u0131yoruz ki, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan, Hindistan ve Arap yar\u0131madas\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 da benzer etkisizle\u015ftirme politikas\u0131 i\u015fgalden sonra i\u015flenmi\u015ftir. Bu konu iki cilt \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada birincisi, \u201c\u0130ran\u2019da Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve Etno-Jeopolitik \u0130nhilal\u201d ve ikincisi, \u201cT\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve Etno-Jeopolitik \u0130nhilal\u201d olarak yay\u0131nlanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/strong><\/p>\n

AR\u015e\u0130V \u00c7ALI\u015eMALARI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abdurrahman \u015eerif, \u201cCo\u011frafiya-i Umumi\u201d, I-II Cilt. Karabet Matbaas\u0131 Hk. 1323, kitab\u0131n i\u00e7 kapa\u011f\u0131nda \u201cUniversity of Toronto Library\u201d n\u00fcshas\u0131 1907 yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cCografi Dar Tedad\u2019e N\u00fcfus Ahali Dar\u2019\u00fcl-khilafe\u2019ye Nasere\u201d Hk. 1269 (1852-1853), Hh. 1286 (Tahminen 1870) el yazma n\u00fcshas\u0131; \u201cKitabkhane\u2019ye Medrese\u2019ye \u00c2li Sipeh\u2019salar\u201d; redif Nu: 2763; Gefese: 8; Tabaka: 3; Redif: 49<\/p>\n

M. M. (A. K.), Fars dili \u00d6\u011fretmeni \u0130skender Dumaskovi\u00e7, \u201cMac\u2019me-\u00fcl-M\u00fcntekhebat az Ruznamecat\u2019e Hali\u2019ye-ye \u0130ran\u201d, Hk. 1349, H\u015f. 1309, M. 1931, \u201c\u015earkiye Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d, Leningrad, 2. Bask\u0131,<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Kafkasya, T\u00fcrkistan ve K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131klar\u0131 Aras\u0131ndaki M\u00fcnasebetlere Dair Ar\u015fiv Belgeleri \/ 1687 – 1908 \u201d, Ankara 1992.<\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. U\u011fur \u00dcnal; \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Belgelerinde KAFKAS G\u00d6\u00c7LER\u0130 I-II\u201d Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131; \u0130stanbul 2012.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Belgelerine G\u00f6re Ermeni-Frans\u0131z \u0130li\u015fkileri I-II<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Belgelerine G\u00f6re Ermeni-Rus \u0130li\u015fkileri I-II-III<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Belgelerine G\u00f6re Ermeni-Amerikan \u0130li\u015fkileri I-II<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Belgelerine G\u00f6re Ermeni-\u0130ngiliz \u0130li\u015fkileri I-II<\/p>\n

MAKALE VE K\u0130TAPLAR <\/strong><\/p>\n

Cavadbeyli, \u201c\u0130ran\u2019da T\u00fcrk Egemenli\u011finin Farslara Devredilmesinde Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n Rol\u00fc\u201d, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Azerbaycan\u2019da 2007-2009 tarihlerinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Hafiz Fermanfermaian, \u201cFermanferma ve Ghahti \u015eiraz \u2013 Fermanferma ve \u015eiraz K\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 –\u00a0 <\/strong>\ufed3\ufeae\ufee3\ufe8e\ufee7\ufed4\ufeae\ufee3\u0640\ufe8e<\/strong> \u0648<\/strong> \ufed7\ufea4\ufec4\u0640\ufef2<\/strong> \ufeb7\u0640\ufef4\ufeae\u0627\u0632<\/strong> \u06f1\u06f3\u06f3\u06f6<\/strong> \u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a<\/strong> \u2013\u201c, <\/strong><\/p>\n

Mirza Salih Gulam H\u00fcseyin,\u00a0 \u015eeyhin An\u0131lar\u0131 \u201cKhaterate \u015eeykh \u0130brahim Zencani – Sargozashte Zendegani Man \u2013 <\/strong>\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0634\u06cc\u062e<\/strong> \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645<\/strong> \u0632\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/strong> \u2013 <\/strong>\u0633\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a<\/strong> \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/strong> \u0645\u0646<\/strong>\u201d, 1379-2000,\u00a0 Tahran \/ Kevir Yay\u0131nevi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Mohammad Gholi Majd, \u201cThe Great Famine And Genocide \u0130n Persia 1917-1919\u201d University Press Of America,\u00a0 ABD, 2003. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Fars\u00e7aya \u00c7evirisi: Mahammad Karimi, \u201cGhahti-e Bozorg\u201d, \u201cMoassese-ye Motaleat va Pajuheshhaye Siyasi\u201d, Tahran 1387-2008.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

R. C., \u201c\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Tariximiz ve Milli Herekat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n M\u00fcbarize ve Meqsed Stratejisi\u201d, \u0130ran ve Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n bir\u00e7ok medyas\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

R.C.,\u201cG\u00f6\u00e7 ve A\u00e7l\u0131k Etmenlerinin \u0130ran\u2019da T\u00fcrk Egemenli\u011finin Kayd\u0131ndaki Rol\u00fc\u201d; Devlet Dergisi, Ekim 2015, <\/strong>http:\/\/devlet.com.tr<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0 yazara ait bir \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya eri\u015filebilir. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Nursultan Nazarbayev, \u201cY\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n Kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda \u2013 \u011eas\u0131rlar To\u011f\u0131s\u0131nda\u201d, T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye Aktaran: Banu Muhyaeva, Ahmet Yesevi \u00dcniv. Yard\u0131m Vakf\u0131, Bilig Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130kinci Bask\u0131, Ankara 2000<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aleksandr Dugin, \u201cNursultan Nazarbayev\u2019in Avrasya Misyonu\u201d, T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00c7eviren: Lazzat Urakova – Nehriban Gen\u00e7kal, Yeni Avrasya Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 2006<\/strong><\/p>\n

Smagul Elubay, \u201cArasat Meydan\u0131\u201d, T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye Aktaran: G\u00fclzada Temenova, Beng\u00fc, Birinci bask\u0131, Ankara 2015 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Nursultan Nazarbayev, \u201cKritik On Y\u0131l \u2013 S\u0131ndarl\u0131 On J\u0131l\u201d, T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye Aktaranlar: A. M. Ungarsynova \u2013 N. M. Narzhanov, Kazakistan Ankara B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi,<\/strong> Canseyit T\u00fcymebayev, Ankara 2012 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Erhan Afyoncu; <\/strong>https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Alexandre Grigoriantz; \u201cKafkasya Halklar\u0131\u201d; \u00c7ev: Do\u011fan Yurdakul; Yeni Biny\u0131l yay\u0131nlar\u0131; Ankara 2000<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cTBMM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130nceleme Komisyonu\u201d taraf\u0131ndan \u201cSoyk\u0131r\u0131m Su\u00e7unun \u00d6nlenmesine ve Cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u201d <\/strong><\/p>\n

Haz. Prof. Dr. Cem Behar; \u201cOsmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin N\u00fcfusu \u2013 1500-1927\u201d; I-II Cilt; T\u00dc\u0130K, 30 Mart 2000 \/ <\/strong><\/p>\n

Taha Nurullahi, Ozra Naini; \u201cTarikhche\u2019ye Sar\u015eomari\u2019ye Umumi\u2019ye Nufus va Maskan Dar \u0130ran va Cahan\u201d <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cMaccalle\u2019ye \u0130ran Zamin\u201d Say\u0131: 20, Tarih: 1353 \/ 1974; Nasir Pakdaman <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cJam\u2019e Jam\u201d; Par\u015fanba, 27 Aban 1389 (2011) Say\u0131: 62 \u201cSar\u015fomari Dar \u0130ran\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Halide Edip Ad\u0131var; \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00fcn Ate\u015fle \u0130mtihan\u0131\u201d; 1922,\u00a0 www.sanal-kitap.com <\/strong><\/p>\n

Seyfi Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m; Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi; \u201cBalkan Sava\u015flar\u0131 Ve Sonras\u0131ndaki G\u00f6\u00e7lerin T\u00fcrkiye N\u00fcfusuna Etkileri\u201d; PDF<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Ufuk Tavkul, \u201cKafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Co\u011fraf\u00ee Konumu ve Stratejik \u00d6nemi\u201d,\u00a0 <\/strong>http:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Liaisan \u015eAH\u0130N, \u201cRusya Federasyonu\u2019nun Etnik ve Dinsel Yap\u0131s\u0131\u201d, Marmara T\u00fcrkiyat Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi, Cilt III, Say\u0131 2, Sonbahar 2016, <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cVserossiyskaya perepis\u2019 naseleniya 2010\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abdullah Akosman, \u201cRusya\u2019n\u0131n Etnik Yap\u0131s\u0131\u201d, <\/strong>www.oncevatan.com.tr<\/strong><\/a> , <\/strong><\/p>\n

Zeki Velidi Togan, \u201cBug\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkeli \u2013 T\u00fcrkistan ve yak\u0131n Tarihi\u201d I cilt, \u201cBat\u0131 ve Kuzey T\u00fcrkistan\u201d 2. Bask\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1981, 924 Sayfa PDF \u015fekli, <\/strong><\/p>\n

Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Hasan Bahar, \u201cT\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n Co\u011frafi Konumu ve \u0130lk\u00e7a\u011f Kaynaklar\u0131na G\u00f6re Tarihi\u201d,\u00a0 PDF \u015fekli,<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cK\u00f6ken\u201d Gazetesi, Yalova, T\u00fcrkiye, 12 Aral\u0131k Pazartesi, 7. Say\u0131, <\/strong><\/p>\n

Zaynabidin Abdirashidov, \u201cKnown and Unknown Fi\u1e6drat: Early Convictions and Activities\u201d, Acta Slavica Iaponica, Tomus <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ali Toraman, \u201c\u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019n\u0131n K\u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019da \u0130zledi\u011fi Toprak ve G\u00f6\u00e7 Politikas\u0131\u201d, EURASIAN HOUSE \/ Dosya No: 4 \/ Y\u0131l: 2016<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yasemin G\u00fcne\u015f, Trakya \u00dcniversitesi, Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, \u201cOrta Asya Cumhuriyetleri\u2019nin Demografik Yap\u0131s\u0131\u201d, Edirne 2011, PDF \u015fekli <\/strong><\/p>\n

Q. Volkov, \u201c\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 1937 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430: \u0432\u044b\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430 – 1937 Say\u0131m\u0131: Kurgular ve Ger\u00e7ek\u201d, <\/strong>http:\/\/www.demoscope.ru<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Bakhtior Islamov, \u201cCentral Asian Population in Historical Perspectives\u201d, <\/strong>http:\/\/www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp\/COE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

John Besemeres, \u201cPopulation Politics in the USSR\u201d, Soviet Union II. 1 (1975), <\/strong>https:\/\/www.academia.edu<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.turkiyegazetesi.com.tr<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.haber7.com<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.amar.org.ir<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

www.asrfarhang.ir<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

www.tarikhiran.ir<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam maalesef 17 Aral\u0131k 2003 Tarihinde Bak\u00fc\u2019de u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131m yang\u0131n olay\u0131nda yanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Bu kitap, yazar\u0131n o\u011flu veya torunu Dr. Hafiz Fermanfermaian taraf\u0131ndan \u201cFermanferma ve Ghahti \u015eiraz \u2013 Fermanferma ve \u015eiraz K\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 –\u00a0 \ufed3\ufeae\ufee3\ufe8e\ufee7\ufed4\ufeae\ufee3\u0640\ufe8e \u0648 \ufed7\ufea4\ufec4\u0640\ufef2 \ufeb7\u0640\ufef4\ufeae\u0627\u0632 -\u201d ad\u0131 ile yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Mirza Salih Gulam H\u00fcseyin\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla \u015eeyhin An\u0131lar\u0131 \u201cKhaterate \u015eeykh \u0130brahim Zencani – Sargozashte Zendegani Man \u2013 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u2013 \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u201d\u00a0 ad\u0131 ile bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1379-2000,\u00a0 Tahran \/ Kevir Yay\u0131nevi<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Dr. Mohammad Gholi Majd, \u2018The Great Famine and Genocide in Persia 1917-1919\u2019 University Press Of America,\u00a0 ABD, 2003. Fars\u00e7aya \u00c7evirisi: Mahammed Karimi, \u2018Ghahti-e Bozorg\u2019 , \u2018Moassese-ye Motaleat va Pajuheshhaye Siyasi\u2019, Tahran 1387-2008.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.archives.gov<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> \u201c\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Tariximiz ve Milli Herekat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n M\u00fcbarize ve Meqsed Stratejisi\u201d<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=kUpv8iykUps<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mepSftca4AA<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fHrf8ztGLcQ<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u201cG\u00f6\u00e7 ve A\u00e7l\u0131k Etmenlerinin \u0130ran\u2019da T\u00fcrk Egemenli\u011finin Kayb\u0131ndaki Rol\u00fc\u201d; Devlet Dergisi\/ Ekim 2015<\/p>\n

http:\/\/devlet.com.tr<\/a><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada yazar \u0130ran n\u00fcfusunu 15 Milyon g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Biz o d\u00f6nem seyyahlar\u0131n vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu bilgilere dayanarak ortalama n\u00fcfusunu verdik. Seyyahlar, o d\u00f6nemde \u0130ran n\u00fcfusunu 20 ila 30 Milyon g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Veriler 13.12.2017 tarihinde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki siteden \u201cD\u00fcnden Bu G\u00fcne D\u00fcnya N\u00fcfusu\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makaleden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: http:\/\/www.turkiyegazetesi.com.tr<\/a><\/p>\n

Ek bilgiler: 1914-18 ve 1939-45 Cihan Sava\u015flar\u0131na ra\u011fmen n\u00fcfus, 1914\u2019ten 1950\u2019ye kadarki 36 y\u0131lda 700 milyon artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu da modern t\u0131bb\u0131n, h\u0131zl\u0131 ula\u015ft\u0131rma ve haberle\u015fmenin sonucudur. 1930\u2019da 2 milyar, 1950\u2019de tam 2.5 milyar n\u00fcfus mevcut olmu\u015ftur. 1987 g\u00fcn\u00fc Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler, d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun tastamam 5 milyar\u0131 buldu\u011funu il\u00e2n etti. Demek 37 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde n\u00fcfus, 2\u2019ye katlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131na 6 milyar ile girildi. 2010 tahmini 6.790.000.000 ve 2025 tahmini 8 milyard\u0131r (United States Census Bureau). 2006\u2019da 6.528.000.000 d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun k\u0131talara b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yle idi: Asya 3.958.000.000, Afrika 916.000.000, Avrupa 728.000.000, Kuzey Amerika 518.000.000 ve G\u00fcney Amerika 377.000.000, Okyanusya 33.000.000.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Abdurrahman \u015eerif, \u201cCo\u011frafiya-i Umumi\u201d, Birinci Cilt. Karabet Matbaas\u0131 Hk. 1323, s. 22;\u00a0 kitab\u0131n i\u00e7 kapa\u011f\u0131nda \u201cUniversity of Toronto Library\u201d n\u00fcshas\u0131 1907 yazmaktad\u0131r. Kitab\u0131n metninden anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ki, 1905 tarihinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> 10,18M km<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> 44,58M km<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> 30,37M km<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> 42,55M km<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> 8,526M km<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n Asya Topraklar\u0131<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> A. \u015e. Age. \u0130kinci Cilt; s. 164 \/ hesaplamalar\u0131 yaparken Anadolu k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki 13 milyonu bir kez de Arap k\u0131sm\u0131na eklemi\u015ftir. Nitekim kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> Bu rakam \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u0130ran b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde g\u00f6sterilecek kaynaklardan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A. \u015e. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 9 Milyon g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir ki do\u011fru de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> A. \u015e., Age. Birinci Cilt, S. 44<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> Age. S. 42-43<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> Age. S. 80<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> Age. S. 103<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> \u0130statistik rakamlar\u0131 vermi\u015ftir; Age, Birinci Cilt, s. 69<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a>Kazakistan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Nursultan Nazarbayev\u2019in b\u00fct\u00fcn eserlerinde ve Kazakistan Ankara B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Canseyit T\u00fcymebayev beyefendinin Smagul Elubay\u2019\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc \u201cArasat meydan\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 eserine yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00f6n s\u00f6zde bu rakam\u0131 tahmini olarak 4 milyon olarak yazm\u0131\u015flar. Beng\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 Ankara \/2015<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> A. \u015e., Age, Birinci Cilt, s. 69<\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> Gaz\u0131mof, Kazan, K\u0131r\u0131m ve Ejderhan b\u00f6lgeleri ile ilgili istatistik verilerin analizleri uzun oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu makalede verilmesini uygun g\u00f6rmedik. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm detayl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde yukar\u0131da ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en kitapta verilecektir.<\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> Age, s. 69<\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> Age. S. 185, 202, 203<\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> Age. S. 86<\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> Age. S. 86-87<\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> Age. S. 108<\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> Age. S. 270<\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> Birinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131nda n\u00fcfusun 175 milyona \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve 1926 n\u00fcfus say\u0131s\u0131nda bu n\u00fcfusun 146 milyona d\u00fc\u015fmesi de yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 milyon kayb\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu 30 milyon kayb\u0131n bize g\u00f6re 25 milyonunu T\u00fcrkler olu\u015fturuyor. T\u00fcrkler, kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 uygulanm\u0131\u015f olan a\u00e7l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131k ve katliamlar sonucu ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> Prof. Dr. Erhan Afyoncu; 14.12.2017 tarihinde bu siteden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr<\/a><\/p>\n

[35]<\/a> Alexandre Grigoriantz; \u201cKafkasya Halklar\u0131\u201d; \u00c7ev: Do\u011fan Yurdakul; Yeni Biny\u0131l yay\u0131nlar\u0131; Ankara 2000; s. 96<\/p>\n

Proje Y\u00f6neticisi: Prof. Dr. U\u011fur \u00dcnal; \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Belgelerinde KAFKAS G\u00d6\u00c7LER\u0130 I-II\u201d Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131; \u0130stanbul 2012<\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> Bu bilgilerin esas bir k\u0131sm\u0131, yan\u0131lm\u0131yorsam 2013 sonlar\u0131 veya 2014 tarihinde Azerbaycan hususi (\u00f6zel, gizli) Devlet Ar\u015fivlerine dayal\u0131 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve medyada yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Maalesef bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sitelerden kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Se\u00e7imlerde bloklardan birinin \u0130ngiltere taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmesi s\u00f6z konusuydu.<\/p>\n

[37]<\/a> \u201cTBMM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130nceleme Komisyonu\u201d taraf\u0131ndan \u201cSoyk\u0131r\u0131m Su\u00e7unun \u00d6nlenmesine ve Cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u201d ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cSoyk\u0131r\u0131m Su\u00e7unun \u00d6nlenmesine ve Cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u201d 9 Aral\u0131k 1948 tarihinde Paris\u2019te toplanan Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 260 A (III) say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131yla kabul edilip, imza, onay ve kat\u0131l\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fme 13. maddeye uygun olarak 12 Ocak 1951 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

[38]<\/a> Age. S. 33-34-35-36.<\/p>\n

[39]<\/a> Bu da istendi\u011fi gibi kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130htilaf daim yararl\u0131d\u0131r onlar i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n

[40]<\/a> http:\/\/www.haber7.com<\/a><\/p>\n

[41]<\/a> Haz. Prof. Dr. Cem Behar; \u201cOsmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin N\u00fcfusu \u2013 1500-1927\u201d; 2. Cilt; 30 Mart 2000 \/ T\u00dc\u0130K, s. 23-24;<\/p>\n

[42]<\/a> El yazma n\u00fcshas\u0131; \u201cKitabhane-yi Medrese-yi \u00c2li Sipeh-salar\u201d; redif Nu: 2763; Gefese: 8; Tabaka: 3; Redif: 49<\/p>\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amar.org.ir\/<\/a> 12.12.2017 tarihinde al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

www.asrfarhang.ir<\/a> \u201cHaftomin \u015eahri ke Avvalin Ghanun\u2019e Sar \u015eumari dar An Ecra \u015eod\u201d; 05.07.1395 \/ 10.2016<\/p>\n

www.tarikhiran.ir<\/a> \u201cTehran sal\u2019e 1301 be Ravayat Amar \u2013 Ahmed Masced Came\u2019i\u201d<\/p>\n

Taha Nurullahi, Ozra Naini; \u201cTarikhche\u2019ye Sar\u015eomari\u2019ye Umumi\u2019ye Nufus va Maskan Dar \u0130ran va Cahan\u201d adl\u0131 makale, s. 8.<\/p>\n

[44]<\/a> \u201cMaccalle\u2019ye \u0130ran Zamin\u201d\u00a0 say\u0131: 20, Tarih: 1353 \/ 1974; Nasir Pakdamen taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[45]<\/a> Jam\u2019e Jam; Par\u015fanba, 27 Aban 1389 (2011) Say\u0131: 62, \u201cSar\u015fomari Dar \u0130ran\u201d<\/p>\n

[46]<\/a> Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fiv belgeleri 1918\u2019e gibi mevcut el yazmalar do\u011fruya daha yak\u0131nd\u0131r, ama 1921 sonras\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda \u0130ran\u2019la ilgili bilgiler farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Yeri geldi\u011finde de\u011finilecektir.<\/p>\n

[47]<\/a> Osmanl\u0131 belgelerinde \u0130ran n\u00fcfusunu olduk\u00e7a az g\u00f6stermeye b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hevesin oldu\u011fu sezilmektedir. Ama 1914-1918 d\u00f6nemine ait belgeler d\u00fczg\u00fcn taran\u0131p ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa daha ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe yak\u0131n rakamlar\u0131n oldu\u011fu da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

[48]<\/a> Dr. M. G. M. Age. s. 52. Ve \u2018Southerd to Vickery, letter and memorandum, 891. 48\/127, December, 24, 1918; R. C. Age.<\/p>\n

[49]<\/a> \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde tarih\u00ee bir T\u00fcrk \u015fehridir. H\u00e2l\u00e2 T\u00fcrklerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 esas eyaletlerden biridir.<\/p>\n

[50]<\/a> Age. S. 51; R. C. Age. S.15<\/p>\n

[51]<\/a> Halide Edip Ad\u0131var; \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00fcn Ate\u015fle \u0130mtihan\u0131\u201d; 1922,\u00a0 S. 36-37 \/ www.sanal-kitap.com<\/a><\/p>\n

[52]<\/a>Age; s. 396, 417, 486, 508 vb.<\/p>\n

[53]<\/a> C. Behar. Age.T\u00dc\u0130K,\u00a0 S. 90, 116. 114<\/p>\n

[54]<\/a> Age. S. 145<\/p>\n

[55]<\/a> 2002 tarihinden itibaren Ermeni sorunu ile ilgili Ar\u015fiv belgelerine dayal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar:<\/p>\n

\u201cOsmanl\u0131 Belgelerine G\u00f6re Ermeni-Frans\u0131z \u0130li\u015fkileri I-II\u201d;<\/p>\n

\u201cOsmanl\u0131 Belgelerine G\u00f6re Ermeni-Rus \u0130li\u015fkileri I-II-III\u201d;<\/p>\n

\u201cOsmanl\u0131 Belgelerine G\u00f6re Ermeni-Amerikan \u0130li\u015fkileri I-II\u201d;<\/p>\n

\u201cOsmanl\u0131 Belgelerine G\u00f6re Ermeni-\u0130ngiliz \u0130li\u015fkileri I-II\u201d;<\/p>\n

[56]<\/a> Geni\u015f bilgi i\u00e7in R. C. \u201cG\u00f6\u00e7 ve A\u00e7l\u0131k Etmenlerinin \u0130ran\u2019da T\u00fcrk Egemenli\u011finin Kayb\u0131ndaki Rol\u00fc\u201d Devlet dergisi, 17 Ekim 2015 http:\/\/devlet.com.tr<\/a><\/p>\n

[57]<\/a> Seyfi Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m; Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi; \u201cBalkan Sava\u015flar\u0131 Ve Sonras\u0131ndaki G\u00f6\u00e7lerin T\u00fcrkiye N\u00fcfusuna Etkileri\u201d;<\/p>\n

[58]<\/a> Age. S. 83, 84, 85<\/p>\n

[59]<\/a> Age. S. 70<\/p>\n

[60]<\/a> Age. S. 80<\/p>\n

[61]<\/a> Age. S. 69<\/p>\n

[62]<\/a> Age. S. 81 \u2013 82<\/p>\n

[63]<\/a> Age. S. 82<\/p>\n

[64]<\/a> Dr. Ufuk Tavkul, \u201cKafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Co\u011fraf\u00ee Konumu ve Stratejik \u00d6nemi\u201d, 16.12.2017 tarihinde bu siteden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: http:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com<\/a><\/p>\n

[65]<\/a> U. T. Age.\u00a0 Veriler daha netle\u015ftirilerek verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

[66]<\/a> Liaisan \u015eAH\u0130N, \u201cRusya Federasyonu\u2019nun Etnik ve Dinsel Yap\u0131s\u0131\u201d, Marmara T\u00fcrkiyat Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi, Cilt III, Say\u0131 2, Sonbahar 2016, s. 15-32 \/\u00a0 Esas Kaynak: \u201cVserossiyskaya perepis\u2019 naseleniya 2010\u201d, 2010.<\/p>\n

[67]<\/a> Age. S. 16. Tablo 1.<\/p>\n

[68]<\/a> Age.<\/p>\n

[69]<\/a> Abdullah Akosman, \u201cRusya\u2019n\u0131n Etnik Yap\u0131s\u0131\u201d, 17.12.2017 tarihinde bu siteden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.oncevatan.com.tr<\/a><\/p>\n

[70]<\/a> Age<\/p>\n

[71]<\/a> Age<\/p>\n

[72]<\/a> Age<\/p>\n

[73]<\/a> Age<\/p>\n

[74]<\/a> Age<\/p>\n

[75]<\/a> Age<\/p>\n

[76]<\/a> K.M.M.(A. Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131),\u00a0 Fars dili \u00d6\u011fretmeni \u0130skender Dumaskovi\u00e7, \u201cMac\u2019me-\u00fcl-M\u00fcntekhebat az Ruznamecat\u2019e Hali\u2019ye-ye\u00a0 \u0130ran\u201d,\u00a0 , hk. 1349, h\u015f. 1309, M. 1931, \u201c\u015earkiye Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d, Leningrad, 2. Bask\u0131,\u00a0 s.\u00a0 102<\/p>\n

[77]<\/a> \u0130. Dumaskovi\u00e7, Age ve A. \u015eerif, Age,<\/p>\n

[78]<\/a> \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n kuzeyinde, Hazar denizinin yan\u0131nda k\u0131y\u0131 \u015fehridir. 1921\u2019lere gibi o vilayetin kesin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu T\u00fcrklerden olu\u015fuyordu. O d\u00f6nem Gilan\u2019l\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk kahraman\u0131 Mirza K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Han, oradan M\u00fcttefiklere kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131yam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

[79]<\/a> Sadece Bak\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n, b\u00fct\u00fcn Azerbaycan ve kom\u015fu b\u00f6lgeler s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

[80]<\/a> Dr. M.G. Macit.\u00a0 Age.\u00a0 S. 24-25<\/p>\n

[81]<\/a> A. Zeki Velidi Togan, \u201cBug\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkeli \u2013 T\u00fcrkistan ve yak\u0131n Tarihi\u201d I. cilt, \u201cBat\u0131 ve Kuzey T\u00fcrkistan\u201d 2. Bask\u0131\/ \u0130stanbul 1981,\u00a0 924 Sayfa PDF \u015fekli,\u00a0 s.22<\/p>\n

[82]<\/a> S.\u00dc. Fen-Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Tarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi<\/p>\n

[83]<\/a> Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Hasan Bahar, \u201cT\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n Co\u011frafi Konumu ve \u0130lk\u00e7a\u011f Kaynaklar\u0131na G\u00f6re Tarihi\u201d,\u00a0 PDF \u015fekli, s. 233<\/p>\n

[84]<\/a> \u201cK\u00f6ken\u201d Gazetesi, Kutluk Dervi\u015f, Yalova \/ T\u00fcrkiye, \u201cDo\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ve \u00c7in Zulm\u00fc\u201d, 12 Aral\u0131k Pazartesi, 7. Say\u0131, s. 2,<\/p>\n

[85]<\/a> Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Kafkasya, T\u00fcrkistan ve K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131klar\u0131 Aras\u0131ndaki M\u00fcnasebetlere Dair Ar\u015fiv Belgeleri \/ 1687 – 1908 \u201d, Ankara 1992<\/p>\n

[86]<\/a> Zaynabidin Abdirashidov, \u201cKnown and Unknown Fi\u1e6drat: Early Convictions and Activities\u201d, Acta Slavica Iaponica, Tomus 37, pp. 103\u2013118<\/p>\n

[87]<\/a> Ali Toraman, \u201c\u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019n\u0131n K\u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019da \u0130zledi\u011fi Toprak ve G\u00f6\u00e7 Politikas\u0131\u201d, EURASIAN HOUSE \/ Dosya No: 4 \/ Y\u0131l: 2016<\/p>\n

[88]<\/a>\u00a0 L. \u015e. Age<\/p>\n

[89]<\/a> Yasemin G\u00fcne\u015f, Trakya \u00dcniversitesi, Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, \u201cOrta Asya Cumhuriyetleri\u2019nin Demografik Yap\u0131s\u0131\u201d, Edirne 2011, PDF \u015fekli<\/p>\n

[90]<\/a> A. Q. Volkov, \u201c\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 1937 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430: \u0432\u044b\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430 -1937 Say\u0131m\u0131: kurgular ve ger\u00e7ek \u201d, 17.12.1917 tarihinde bu siteden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: http:\/\/www.demoscope.ru<\/a><\/p>\n

[91]<\/a> Bakhtior Islamov, \u201cCentral Asian Population in Historical Perspectives\u201d, 17.12.2017 tarihinde bu siteden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. http:\/\/www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp\/COE\/Japanese\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[92]<\/a>\u00a0 John Besemeres, \u201cPopulation Politics in the USSR\u201d, Soviet Union II. 1 (1975), 50-80, 17 12.2017 tarihinde bu siteden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: https:\/\/www.academia.edu<\/a><\/p>\n

[93]<\/a> B. \u0130. Age<\/p>\n

[94]<\/a> Age<\/p>\n

[95]<\/a> Age<\/p>\n

[96]<\/a> Liaisan \u015eahin, Age<\/p>\n

[97]<\/a> A. \u015e. Age. Birinci Cilt; s. 69<\/p>\n

[98]<\/a> A. \u015e. Age.\u00a0 Birinci Cilt; s. 44<\/p>\n

[99]<\/a> K.M.M.\u00a0 \u0130. Dumaskovi\u00e7, Age<\/p>\n

[100]<\/a> A. Q. Volkov, Age.<\/p>\n

[101]<\/a> \u0130. Dumaskovi\u00e7, Age ve A. \u015eerif Age,<\/p>\n

[102]<\/a> Kazakistan Ankara B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Canseyit T\u00fcymebayev beyefendinin Smagul Elubay\u2019\u0131n \u201cArasat Meydan\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 eserine yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00f6n s\u00f6zde 1929- 1933 olarak belirtmi\u015ftir. Beng\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 Ankara \/2015 ve Damira \u0130brahim – Vahit T\u00fcrk, \u201cKazakistan\u2019da K\u0131z\u0131l K\u0131tl\u0131k\u201d, Bilge K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Birinci bask\u0131 2016 kitaplar\u0131nda da 1931-1934 olarak belirtmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

[103]<\/a> D. \u0130brahim ve V. T\u00fcrk; Age. s. 54-58<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131’n\u0131n yak\u0131n\u00e7a\u011fda siyasi h\u00e2kimiyetini kaybetmesi sonucu ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 felaketler anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda T\u00fcrk b\u00f6lgelerinde meydana gelen a\u00e7l\u0131k ve k\u0131tl\u0131klar suni mi yarat\u0131ld\u0131? Yaz\u0131da bu soruya cevap aran\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":907,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2,66,67,68,69],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve etno-jeopolitik inhilal - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu<\/title>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/turk-dunyasinda-soykirim-ve-etno-jeopolitik-inhilal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve etno-jeopolitik inhilal - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131'n\u0131n yak\u0131n\u00e7a\u011fda siyasi h\u00e2kimiyetini kaybetmesi sonucu ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 felaketler anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda T\u00fcrk b\u00f6lgelerinde meydana gelen a\u00e7l\u0131k ve k\u0131tl\u0131klar suni mi yarat\u0131ld\u0131? 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