{"id":9211,"date":"2020-01-15T19:30:16","date_gmt":"2020-01-15T16:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=9211"},"modified":"2020-01-16T19:46:44","modified_gmt":"2020-01-16T16:46:44","slug":"oguznameler-gozumu-acti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/oguznameler-gozumu-acti\/","title":{"rendered":"O\u011fuznameler g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Bir T\u00fcrkolog\u2019un dokunmadan ge\u00e7emeyece\u011fi metinler vard\u0131r. \u00dcniversitelerde y\u0131llarca T\u00fcrk dili dersleri veren bir \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesinin \u00fczerinde durmadan ge\u00e7emeyece\u011fi konular vard\u0131r. Bence hi\u00e7bir T\u00fcrkolog K\u00f6k T\u00fcrk an\u0131tlar\u0131na temas etmeden meslek hayat\u0131n\u0131 tamamlayamaz. Anadolu a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n enginliklerinde dola\u015f\u0131rken de, Sibirya\u2019daki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck T\u00fcrk topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n dillerini incelerken de\u00a0 T\u00fcrkologlar beng\u00fc ta\u015flara uzanmak ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 duyarlar.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk diliyle u\u011fra\u015fanlar\u0131n dokunmadan ge\u00e7emeyece\u011fi bir eser de D\u00eev\u00e2nu Lug\u00e2ti\u2019t-T\u00fcrk\u2019<\/em>t\u00fcr. Bir kelimenin, bir ekin a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 gerekince ilk ba\u015fvurdu\u011fumuz eserlerden biri bu eserdir. Nice meslekta\u015f\u0131m\u0131n Besim Atalay ciltlerini eskitti\u011fini biliyorum.<\/p>\n

Kutadgu Bilig<\/em> de b\u00f6yle eserlerden biridir. Re\u015fid Rahmeti Arat \u00e7ok gen\u00e7 ya\u015flar\u0131nda, otuzlar\u0131nda Kutadgu Bilig<\/em> ile u\u011fra\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fc verdi bu esere. \u015eimdi Kutadgu Bilig<\/em> toplant\u0131lar\u0131 yap\u0131yoruz, bildiriler okuyoruz ve s\u00f6z\u00fcn bir yerinde mutlaka Re\u015fid Rahmeti Arat diyoruz. Yusuf Has H\u00e2cib\u2026 Ulu bilge\u2026 Bilmiyorum, daha ne kadar y\u0131l kendisinden s\u00f6z ettirecek? Belki de bengi y\u0131llarca.<\/p>\n

Dede Korkut unutulabilir mi?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ulu bilge deyince Dede Korkut\u2019u unutmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc? \u00d6nce Seyhun boylar\u0131nda yay\u0131lan O\u011fuz \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n konu\u011fu oldu Korkut Ata. Y\u00fczy\u0131llarca ozanlar onu \u00e7ald\u0131lar, onu s\u00f6ylediler. Sonra ad\u0131 unutuldu ama masallar\u0131 dillerde ya\u015fad\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcn birinde yaban ellerde yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Dirildi yeniden \u00f6lmemecesine. Ad\u0131 bilinmez, kutu ya\u015fayas\u0131 bir yaz\u0131c\u0131 ozan ak yapraklar \u00fczerine yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 Dede\u2019nin anlatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131. Do\u011fu bilimciler, T\u00fcrk bilimciler, destan bilimciler y\u0131llarca bu yapraklara bakt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

G\u00fczel s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu ozanlar. Arada s\u00f6yledikleri \u015fiir mi neydi! Yoksa \u015fiirden daha ahenkli \u015feyler miydi? Asl\u0131nda onlar, kopuzlar\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde s\u00f6ylediklerinin de\u011ferinin, g\u00fczelli\u011finin fark\u0131ndayd\u0131lar. \u015eiir s\u00f6z\u00fc yeterli de\u011fildi. Bu g\u00fczellik, bu ahenk ba\u015fka bir s\u00f6zle anlat\u0131lmal\u0131yd\u0131. En g\u00fczel s\u00f6z\u00fc buldular, soy dediler. Soy atlar gibi. Dede Korkut boylar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7indeki o \u00fcst \u00fcste d\u00fc\u015fen diziler, o harikulade d\u00fczenler olsa olsa soy atlar gibi soy dizeler olurdu. Soy dediler, soylama dediler. Yaln\u0131z T\u00fcrkologlar de\u011fil, edipler de, \u015fairler de, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131za masal anlatan masalc\u0131lar da y\u0131llarca Dedem Korkut\u2019un soylamalar\u0131ndan, boylamalar\u0131ndan beslendiler.<\/p>\n

Fakat T\u00fcrk bilimcileri, destan bilimcileri \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtan bir \u015fey vard\u0131. Ak sakall\u0131 Dedem o k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck destanlar\u0131na boy diyordu demesine ama bazen de O\u011fuzname diyordu. Beyrek i\u00e7in, Salur Kazan i\u00e7in O\u011fuznameler d\u00fcz\u00fcyordu. Sonra yaban ellerden birinde bir yazma daha ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Akdeniz\u2019e bakan eski bir mabedin k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde. Bu kez yaz\u0131c\u0131 duraksamadan O\u011fuzname demi\u015fti eserine. Hik\u00e2yet-i<\/em> O\u011fuzn\u00e2me-i Kazan Be\u011f ve Gayr\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Dede Korkut kitab\u0131 ve O\u011fuzname<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Eser \u00fczerinde g\u00f6z nuru d\u00f6ken ilk bilginlerimiz, ilk T\u00fcrk bilimcilerimiz O\u011fuzname s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn hakk\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdi. Muallim Cevdetler, K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fczade Mehmet Fuatlar Dede Korkut<\/em> Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131 O\u011fuzname olarak de\u011ferlendirirken daha soyadlar\u0131n\u0131 bile almam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk \u00f6nce Muallim Cevdet \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 beni ve g\u00f6zlerimi a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Daha 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Yeni Mecmua\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7anakkale i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan o fevkalade n\u00fcshas\u0131ndaki makalesine \u201cO\u011fuzname \u2013 Kit\u00e2b-\u0131 Dede Korkut\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015fti. Dede Korkut<\/em> Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n, O\u011fuzname\u2019nin bir \u201cc\u00fcz\u2019\u00fc\u201d, bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Daha nice eski eserlerimiz O\u011fuzname <\/em>ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yormu\u015f. Mesela 3. Mehmed zaman\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan Seyyid Lokman\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131: \u0130cm\u00e2l-i Ahv\u00e2l-i \u00c2l-i Sel\u00e7uk der-Konya ber-m\u00fbceb-i nakl ez-O\u011fuzn\u00e2me.<\/em> Yani Seyyid Lokman Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131n tarihini yazm\u0131\u015f ama O\u011fuzname\u2019den naklen yazm\u0131\u015f. Hatta bu yazar\u0131m\u0131z, Sar\u0131 Saltuk\u2019un Rumeli\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc bile O\u011fuzname\u2019den nakletmi\u015f. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n tarih\u00e7isi L\u00fctf\u00fc Pa\u015fa bile Sel\u00e7uklulardan s\u00f6z eden tarihine O\u011fuzname<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015f. Muallim Cevdet\u2019in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re Ahmet Vefik Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fct\u00fcphane fihristinde de iki adet O\u011fuzname<\/em> varm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Ulu Han Ata Bitig\u00e7i ve O\u011fuzname<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Muallim Cevdet\u2019i as\u0131l heyecanland\u0131ran ise Ulu Han Ata Bitig\u00e7i<\/em> adl\u0131 kitapt\u0131. Bu eserden ilk bahseden M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 Ahmed Zeki Pa\u015fa\u2019yd\u0131. 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda Atina\u2019daki M\u00fcste\u015frikler (Do\u011fu bilimciler) kongresinde okudu\u011fu bildiride Ahmed Zeki Pa\u015fa, 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kahire\u2019de ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrk as\u0131ll\u0131 Ebubekir Abdullah Ed-Dev\u00e2d\u00e2r\u00ee\u2019nin D\u00fcrer\u00fc\u2019t-Tic\u00e2n<\/em> adl\u0131 Arap\u00e7a tarihini tan\u0131t\u0131yor ve bu eserde anlat\u0131lan Ulu Han Ata Bitig\u00e7i<\/em> ile ilgili bilgiler veriyor. Muallim Cevdet de D\u00fcrer\u00fc\u2019t-Tic\u00e2n<\/em>\u2019\u0131n Damat \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019ndeki n\u00fcshas\u0131n\u0131 bulup ayn\u0131 bilgileri oradan tekrar okuyor.<\/p>\n

14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Ebubekir Abdullah\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcp anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ulu Han Ata Bitig\u00e7i<\/em>[1]<\/a> adl\u0131 kay\u0131p kitap Muallim Cevdet\u2019i o kadar heyecanland\u0131r\u0131yor ki onu kay\u0131p O\u011fuzname san\u0131yor ve \u015funlar\u0131 yaz\u0131yor: \u201cO\u011fuzname tamamen bulunsayd\u0131 T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7in Orhun s\u00fctunlar\u0131 kadar m\u00fchim bir \u00e2bide-i lisan ve t\u00e2rih olacakt\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc mil\u00e2d\u0131n 733\u2026 tarihinde zikredilen bu s\u00fctunlarla O\u011fuzname\u2019nin bir ya\u015fta oldu\u011fu emr-i muhakkakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

Oysa Ebubekir Abdullah Ulu Han Ata<\/em> Bitig\u00e7i<\/em>\u2019nin K\u0131p\u00e7ak ve Mo\u011follarca mukaddes oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledikten sonra a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u201cDi\u011fer T\u00fcrklerin de bir kitab\u0131 vard\u0131r ki ismi O\u011fuznamedir.\u201d diyor. Muallim Cevdet, kendi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu \u00e7eviriye ra\u011fmen iki kitab\u0131n ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. \u00c7eviri a\u00e7\u0131k: \u201cDi\u011fer T\u00fcrklerin de\u2026\u201d\u00a0 Yani O\u011fuzname <\/em>ba\u015fka, Ulu Han Ata Bitig\u00e7i<\/em> ba\u015fka bir kitapt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1919\u2019da yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131nda \u0130lk<\/em> Mutasavv\u0131flar<\/em>\u2019da K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fczade de 1935\u2019te yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 O\u011fuzlara Dair<\/em>\u2019de H\u00fcseyin Nam\u0131k Orkun da iki kitab\u0131 ayn\u0131 sanmaya devam ediyorlar. \u00dcstelik Ebubekir Abdullah\u2019taki ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc onlar da benzer \u015fekilde terc\u00fcme etmi\u015fler.<\/p>\n

Tabii b\u00fcy\u00fck bilginler b\u00f6yle yaz\u0131nca hatay\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek kolay olmuyor. Acaba ben mi yanl\u0131\u015f anl\u0131yorum diye \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm. Aziz dostum K\u00e2z\u0131m Ya\u015far Kopraman\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 son \u00e7eviriye de bakt\u0131m. Orada da benzer bir \u00e7eviri var. Kopraman terc\u00fcmesinde \u201c(Mo\u011follar ve K\u0131p\u00e7aklar) bu kitaba \u00e7ok de\u011fer verirler.\u201d denildikten sonra \u015f\u00f6yle devam edilmi\u015f: \u201cMuahhar T\u00fcrkler [et-T\u00fcrk el-uhar]\u2019in de sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterdikleri ve aralar\u0131nda elden ele dola\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 O\u011fuz-n\u00e2me ad\u0131nda bir kitaplar\u0131 vard\u0131r.\u201d Kopraman yazman\u0131n ilgili yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131pk\u0131bas\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 da vermi\u015f; oraya da bakt\u0131m: et-T\u00fcrk el-u\u1e2bar. \u0130\u015fte \u00e7eviricilerin \u201cdi\u011fer T\u00fcrkler, nas\u0131l ki, muahhar T\u00fcrkler\u201d \u015feklinde \u00e7evirdikleri Arap\u00e7a ibare bu. Asl\u0131nda ba\u011flam da \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k. Mo\u011follar ile K\u0131p\u00e7aklar\u0131n sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi (mukaddes bildi\u011fi) ve onlar\u0131 eski T\u00fcrklerle akraba g\u00f6steren bir kitap var; ad\u0131 Ulu Han Ata Bitig\u00e7i.<\/em> Muahhar (di\u011fer) T\u00fcrklerin de elden ele dola\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 bir kitap var; ad\u0131 O\u011fuzname<\/em>. Ebubekir Abdullah\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re birinci kitap T\u00fcrklerin ilk atas\u0131 ve ilk anas\u0131n\u0131n Ulu Kara Ta\u011f\u00e7\u0131 adl\u0131 bir da\u011fdaki ma\u011farada yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan ve onlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 Altun Han\u2019dan s\u00f6z ediyor. \u0130kinci kitap \u201cdi\u011fer T\u00fcrkler\u201din ilk h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n faaliyetlerinden ve ilk h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan O\u011fuz\u2019dan s\u00f6z ediyor. \u0130kincisinde Tepeg\u00f6z gibi hik\u00e2yeler ve hikmetli s\u00f6zler de varm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Dede Korkut \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Orhan \u015eaik G\u00f6kyay ile Muharrem Ergin ve O\u011fuzlar\u2019<\/em>\u0131n yazar\u0131 Faruk S\u00fcmer de O\u011fuzname<\/em> ile ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00e7evirisini eserlerine alm\u0131\u015flar ama onlar Ulu Han Ata<\/em> Bitig\u00e7i\u2019<\/em>den hi\u00e7 s\u00f6z etmiyorlar. Belli ki ikisinin ayr\u0131 kitaplar oldu\u011funu fark etmi\u015fler. Onlar suskun ama yine de ortada Fuat K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc gibi, H\u00fcseyin Nam\u0131k gibi iki b\u00fcy\u00fck bilginin yazd\u0131klar\u0131 var. \u201cMuahhar\u201d ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, bazen kendilerinden \u00f6ncekilerden s\u00f6z etmeseler de, hatta bazen Ebubekir\u2019in yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kendi ke\u015fifleri zannetseler de ayn\u0131 hataya devam ediyorlar; \u201cya\u014bl\u0131\u015f\u201d s\u00fcril\u00fcp gide y\u00f6r\u00fcr. Nehir Destan<\/em> O\u011fuzname <\/em>nam son kitab\u0131mda bu ikisinin ayr\u0131 eserler oldu\u011funu yazd\u0131msa da bu \u201cya\u014bl\u0131\u015f\u201d\u0131n ne zamana dek s\u00fcril\u00fcp gide y\u00f6r\u00fcyece\u011fin bimezem.<\/p>\n

O\u011fuzname kavram\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011fi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Asl\u0131nda Muallim Cevdet\u2019in g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc a\u00e7mas\u0131 bu konuda de\u011fil. O\u011fuzname kavram\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011fi konusunda. Ger\u00e7ekte neydi O\u011fuzname? Dede Korkut boylar\u0131 O\u011fuzname idi, Sel\u00e7uklu tarihinden s\u00f6z eden eski eserler O\u011fuzname idi. Hatta 1424 y\u0131l\u0131nda (belki de 1436\u2019da) Tev\u00e2r\u00eeh-i \u00c2l-i Sel\u00e7uk<\/em> adl\u0131 eserini yazm\u0131\u015f olan Yaz\u0131c\u0131o\u011flu Ali de \u201cAygur hatt\u0131-y-\u0131la\u201d yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir O\u011fuzname\u2019den bahsediyor. Yaz\u0131c\u0131o\u011flu elif\u2019in \u00fczerine \u201cmed\u201d \u00e7ekmi\u015f, \u201cAygur\u201d diyor ama s\u00f6z etti\u011fi hat (yaz\u0131) besbelli ki Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131. \u201cM\u00fbteber n\u00e2\u0137iller\u201d bu eserde, yani Uygur yaz\u0131l\u0131 O\u011fuzname\u2019de O\u011fuz kavminin neseplerini \u201cicaz yollu\u201d ve \u201cmufassal\u201d olarak yazm\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n

2. Murad\u2019\u0131n el\u00e7isi \u015e\u00fckrullah da 1459\u2019da Karakoyunlu saray\u0131nda bir O\u011fuzname g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f. \u015e\u00fckrullah \u201cMo\u011fol yaz\u0131s\u0131 ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u201d diyor ama Ats\u0131z\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc dipnotta yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u201c\u015e\u00fckrullah\u0131n Mo\u011fol yaz\u0131s\u0131 dedi\u011fi bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu muhakkakt\u0131r.\u201d \u015e\u00fckrullah O\u011fuzname terimini de kullanm\u0131yor. Fars\u00e7a eserinde \u201cO\u011fuz tarihi\u201d diye ge\u00e7iyor. Daha do\u011frusu Ats\u0131z b\u00f6yle \u00e7evirmi\u015f. Ama 2. Murad\u2019\u0131n ve Karakoyunlu Cihan\u015fah\u2019\u0131n neseplerini O\u011fuz Han\u2019a \u00e7\u0131karan bu kitab\u0131n da O\u011fuzname oldu\u011fu \u015f\u00fcphesizdir.<\/p>\n

Sultan Cem\u2019in elinde de O\u011fuzname olabilir mi? Hani \u015fu gurbette \u00f6len mazlum ve ma\u011fdur \u015fehzadenin. Evet, onun elinde de \u00f6zet bir O\u011fuzname vard\u0131 ama ad\u0131 ba\u015fka idi: C\u00e2m-\u0131 Cem-\u00c2yin.<\/em> Kitab\u0131 yazan Bayat boyundan bir T\u00fcrk, Hasan ibni Mahmud. Hac farizas\u0131n\u0131 (ben r<\/em> ile ba\u015flayan heceyi uzatarak s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorum ama bilmem ki herkes b\u00f6yle mi yap\u0131yor?) yerine getirmek i\u00e7in Mekke\u2019ye giden Bayatl\u0131 Hasan\u2019\u0131n elinde bir O\u011fuzname de varm\u0131\u015f. 1480\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda Cem Sultan\u2019la orada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015flar ve birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fiir yazm\u0131\u015flar. Diyor ki Hasan: \u201cSonunda \u2018s\u00f6z s\u00f6z\u00fc a\u00e7ar\u2019 dedikleri gibi, \u00fclke a\u00e7an y\u00fcksek Osmano\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n soyu, O\u011fuz\u2019un b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu G\u00fcn Han\u2019a ve onun boylar\u0131ndan Kay\u0131 Han\u2019a ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015fkaca silsilelerini, eldeki \u2018O\u011fuzn\u00e2me\u2019den k\u0131saltarak vermemi istediler. \u2018Onlar\u0131n isteklerini yerine getirmek i\u00e7in\u2019 bir haftada bitirilerek \u2018C\u00e2m-\u0131 Cem-\u00c2yin\u2019 ad\u0131 verilip iltifatlar\u0131na yak\u0131nl\u0131k kazan\u0131ld\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

Allah Allah!… Ben Tanr\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ok severim ve atalar\u0131m\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Allah yerine s\u0131k s\u0131k da kullan\u0131r\u0131m ama bu deyimde de Tanr\u0131 Tanr\u0131\u2026 denmez ki. Allah Allah!… Bayatl\u0131 Hasan hacca giderken yan\u0131nda O\u011fuzname ta\u015f\u0131yormu\u015f. Ondan 30 k\u00fcsur y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u015e\u00fckrullah, Cihan\u015fah\u2019\u0131n saray\u0131nda O\u011fuzname g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f. Ondan da 20-30 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Yaz\u0131c\u0131o\u011flu Ali Uygur yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir O\u011fuzname\u2019den s\u00f6z ediyor. 1310\u2019larda Kahire\u2019deki T\u00fcrk tarih\u00e7i Ebubekir Abdullah diyordu ya \u201cdi\u011fer T\u00fcrkler\u201din ellerinde O\u011fuzname adl\u0131 bir kitap var ve o kitap \u201celden ele\u201d dola\u015f\u0131yor. 1480\u2019lerde h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u201celden ele\u201d dola\u015f\u0131yor. \u00dcstelik k\u00e2beye giderken Bayat boyundan bir T\u00fcrk onu yan\u0131na al\u0131yor ve bir hafta i\u00e7inde \u00f6zetini \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p Sultan Cem\u2019e veriyor. \u015eehzadeye g\u00fczellik olsun diye de eserin ad\u0131n\u0131 C\u00e2m-\u0131 Cem-\u00c2yin<\/em> koyuyor, \u201cCem t\u00f6renli kadeh\u201d. Hem i\u00e7ki \u00e2lemleriyle \u00fcnl\u00fc efsanevi \u0130ran h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Cem\u2019e, hem de \u015fehzadenin ad\u0131na g\u00f6ndermede bulunuyor. \u015eimdi burada Ali Em\u00eer\u00ee Efendi de rahmet istedi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc C\u00e2m-\u0131 Cem-\u00c2yin\u2019<\/em>in iki n\u00fcshas\u0131 var ve ikisini de o buldu ve ilk kez o yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Bu n\u00fcshalar \u015fu anda da onun millete ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fct\u00fcphanede bulunuyor. \u00c7ok uzak de\u011fil, Fatih Camii\u2019ne yak\u0131n o kutlu k\u00fct\u00fcphanede. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda da bu m\u00fcbarek topraklarda m\u00fcbarek insanlar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

O\u011fuzname – Nesebname<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u015ea\u015f\u0131rd\u0131k\u00e7a \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131yorum. O\u011fuznameler bir yandan nesep kitaplar\u0131. Osmano\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n, Karakoyunlular\u0131n soylar\u0131n\u0131 O\u011fuz Han\u2019a \u00e7\u0131karan nesep kitaplar\u0131. Bir Akkoyunlu tarihi olan Kit\u00e2b-\u0131 Diyarbekriyye<\/em>\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131nda da Uzun Hasan\u2019\u0131 O\u011fuz Han\u2019a ba\u011flayan bir \u015fecere var. O b\u00f6l\u00fcm de bir O\u011fuzname. 1470\u2019lerde Eb\u00fbbekir Tihr\u00e2n\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu Fars\u00e7a kitap \u015fimdi kim bilir nerelerde? Ankara\u2019daki Mill\u00ee K\u00fct\u00fcphane\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131nda vaktiyle Adnan \u00d6t\u00fcken adl\u0131 bir m\u00fcbarek zat varm\u0131\u015f. Bu Akkoyunlu tarihinin Basra\u2019da ya\u015fayan bir avukat\u0131n elinde oldu\u011funu i\u015fitmi\u015f. Bin bir \u00e7aba ile kitab\u0131 bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine Mill\u00ee K\u00fct\u00fcphane\u2019ye getirtmi\u015f. Bir fotokopisini ald\u0131ktan sonra kitab\u0131 geri g\u00f6ndermi\u015fler. Avukat \u015fimdi \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f olmal\u0131. Yazma kim bilir kimlerin elinde kald\u0131? Neyse ki Necati Lugal ile Faruk S\u00fcmer eseri T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu yay\u0131nlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bast\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Ak\u0131beti bilinmeyen b\u00f6yle bir kitap daha var: Tev\u00e2r\u00eeh-i Ced\u00eed-i Mir\u2019\u00e2t-\u0131 Cihan.<\/em> 3. Murad zaman\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu eseri Nih\u00e2l Ats\u0131z 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, T\u00fcrklerle ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini eliyle kopya etmi\u015f; 1961\u2019de de yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f. Ancak eser 1940\u2019larda Almanya\u2019ya gitmi\u015f ve \u015fimdi nerede oldu\u011fu bilinmiyor. Eser tam bir nesepname. Zaten birka\u00e7 yerinde \u201cBahr\u00fc\u2019l-Ens\u00e2b<\/em>\u201d (Nesepler Denizi) adl\u0131 bir eserden neseplerin nakledildi\u011fi belirtiliyor. Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n da, Akkoyunlular\u0131n da, Saltuklular\u0131n da, Meng\u00fc\u00e7eklilerin de neseplerini O\u011fuz Han\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Okuduk\u00e7a \u015fa\u015f\u0131rmaya devam ediyorum. \u015ea\u015f\u0131r\u0131yorum ve g\u00f6zlerim a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor. Yakup Karasoy ve Mustafa Toker\u2019ce yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f Anonim \u015eibaniname\u2019<\/em>nin ikinci bask\u0131s\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olunca dostum Karasoy esere bakmam\u0131 rica ediyor. Bir \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k daha ya\u015f\u0131yorum. Cengiz Han\u2019\u0131n \u015feceresi de O\u011fuz Han\u2019a dayan\u0131yormu\u015f. O zaman Cengiz\u2019in \u015feceresiyle ilgili \u00f6teki eserlere de bakmam farz oluyor. T\u00f6rt Ulus Tarihi, \u015eecere-i T\u00fcrk<\/em>\u2026 Hepsinde de Cengiz\u2019in soyu, Ergenekon\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kan K\u0131yat\u2019a, K\u0131yat\u2019\u0131n soyu da O\u011fuz Han\u2019a dayan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

O\u011fuzname sadece O\u011fuzlar\u0131n de\u011fil b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrklerin<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Demek ki diyorum, biz yan\u0131l\u0131yoruz. O\u011fuznameleri, O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan Destan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 sadece O\u011fuzlara ait d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekle yan\u0131l\u0131yoruz. Ba\u015ftaki O\u011fuz kelimesi bizi yan\u0131lt\u0131yor. Destan\u0131n ad\u0131nda \u201cO\u011fuz\u201d kelimesi olunca onun sadece O\u011fuzlara ait oldu\u011funu san\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Sonra y\u0131llarca \u00f6nce yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum. Ben O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan\u2019\u0131 tarihin hangi d\u00f6nemlerinde aram\u0131\u015ft\u0131m? Onun torunlar\u0131n\u0131 ve Dede Korkut\u2019u hangi d\u00f6nemlere yerle\u015ftirmi\u015ftim? Bunlar\u0131 hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum ve tekrar Zeki Velid\u00ee Togan\u2019\u0131n 1972\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan o destans\u0131 eserine d\u00f6n\u00fcyorum: O\u011fuz Destan\u0131 \u2013<\/em> Re\u015fideddin O\u011fuzn\u00e2mesi, Terc\u00fcme ve Tahlili.<\/em><\/p>\n

Dede Korkut\u2019un ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131 Faruk S\u00fcmer\u2019in ancak 10. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar geriye g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Togan Hoca 8. y\u00fczy\u0131la dek geriye g\u00f6t\u00fcrebilmi\u015fti. Ona g\u00f6re O\u011fuz Han\u2019\u0131n torunlar\u0131ndan \u0130nals\u0131r Yavkuy -ki destana g\u00f6re Dede Korkut onun zaman\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131-, 766\u2019da G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklere isyan eden \u0130lmals\u0131n Cebguye olabilirdi. 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Togan, Dede Korkut\u2019un \u201cG\u00f6k T\u00fcrk zaman\u0131ndaki O\u011fuz yabgular\u0131 nezdinde bulunan bir T\u00fcrk hak\u00eemi\u201d say\u0131labilece\u011fini yaz\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir sonu\u00e7 olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Ne yapabilirdim? Togan Hoca\u2019n\u0131n O\u011fuz Destan\u0131<\/em><\/strong> kitab\u0131nda O\u011fuz Han\u2019\u0131n C\u00e2mi\u00fc\u2019t-Tev\u00e2r\u00eeh\u2019<\/em><\/strong>te anlat\u0131lan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve torunlar\u0131 bir cetvel h\u00e2linde s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00dcstelik cetvelin yan taraf\u0131nda ayn\u0131 silsilenin \u015eecere-i<\/em> Ter\u00e2kime<\/em>\u2019deki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 da vard\u0131. Cetvelin sonundaki h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a Sel\u00e7uklu sultanlar\u0131 idiler. Ondan \u00f6ncekiler S\u00e2m\u00e2no\u011fullar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131yd\u0131. Daha \u00f6ncekiler ise Kara Han, Bu\u011fra Han<\/em> gibi adlar ta\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Demek ki onlar da Karahanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 idiler. Faruk S\u00fcmer de bundan \u015f\u00fcphe etmiyordu. \u00d6yleyse Karahanl\u0131lardan geriye gitmemek i\u00e7in sebep yoktu. Geridekiler \u0130nal Yavkuy Han, \u0130nals\u0131r Yavkuy Han, Kay\u0131 \u0130nal Han, Kay\u0131 Yavku Han gibi adlar ta\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Yavkuy, yavku\u2026<\/em> Bunlar Bat\u0131 K\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerinin unvanlar\u0131 de\u011fil miydi? Elbette \u00f6yleydi. K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk tarihiyle u\u011fra\u015fanlar\u0131n bildi\u011fi bir \u015feydi bu. Geriye do\u011fru gidince Bat\u0131 K\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerine ula\u015f\u0131yorduk. 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda DTCF\u2019nin \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk Leh\u00e7eleri ve Edebiyatlar\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn bir sempozyumunda sundu\u011fum bildiride bunu a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Dede Korkut\u2019un vezirlik etti\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar Bat\u0131 G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk ve onlar\u0131n devam\u0131 olan T\u00fcrgi\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131yd\u0131. Bu sonu\u00e7, Dede Korkut\u2019un peygamber zaman\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131na da, 295 y\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rivayetine de uygun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyordu. Zaten O\u011fuz Yabgu hanedan\u0131 da T\u00fcrgi\u015flerden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tarih\u00ee zaman K\u00f6kt\u00fcrklere dek ula\u015f\u0131nca bundan bir sonu\u00e7 daha ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. K\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler yaln\u0131z O\u011fuzlar\u0131n atalar\u0131 de\u011fildi. Karluk ve K\u0131p\u00e7ak boylar\u0131n\u0131n da atalar\u0131yd\u0131. \u00d6yleyse Dede Korkut\u2019tan onlarda da iz kalm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131yd\u0131. T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u2019na a\u00e7\u0131lma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu\u015fu bize pek \u00e7ok yeni bilgiyi de getirmi\u015fti. K\u0131p\u00e7aklar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olan Kazaklar aras\u0131nda y\u00fczlerce Korkut Ata efsanesi vard\u0131. Hatta bu efsanelerde Korkut Ata, musikinin piriydi.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yanda bir de Alpam\u0131\u015f Destan\u0131<\/em> vard\u0131. \u00d6zbeklerde, Kazaklarda, Ba\u015fkurtlarda. Sovyet d\u00f6nemi Alpam\u0131\u015f uzmanlar\u0131ndan Jirmunskiy, Alpam\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131n, Bams\u0131 Beyrek\u2019in paraleli oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Dede Korkut boylar\u0131yla u\u011fra\u015fan bilginler aras\u0131nda da bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe itiraz eden yoktu. \u00d6yleyse Dede Korkut ve onun anlatt\u0131klar\u0131, onun hakk\u0131ndaki rivayetler yaln\u0131z O\u011fuzlarda de\u011fil, K\u0131p\u00e7ak ve Karluk boylar\u0131nda da vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan ise \u00e7ok daha eskiye gidiyor ve b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrkleri h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131nda topluyordu. O, yaln\u0131z O\u011fuzlar\u0131n de\u011fil b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrklerin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131yd\u0131. Eb\u00fclgazi Bahad\u0131r Han \u015eecere-i Ter\u00e2kime<\/em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong>de bunu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtiyordu. O\u011fuz Han\u2019\u0131n 2-3 nesillik torunlar\u0131ndan sonra s\u0131ra yavku \/ yav\u0131<\/em> unvan\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlara gelince arada d\u00f6rt bin y\u0131l vard\u0131r, diyordu. K\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerden geriye do\u011fru 4.000 y\u0131l. Elbette bu abart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir say\u0131 idi. Ancak aradaki mesafenin \u00e7ok uzun oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi de muhakkakt\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funun kabul etti\u011fi gibi O\u011fuz Han, Asya Hun h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Motun (Mete) olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Veya Togan\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi Alp Er Tonga. Daha do\u011frusu destan bilimcilerinin \u201ckatman\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u00e7ok eski tarihlere ait birka\u00e7 katman destanda birle\u015fmi\u015f olabilir ve O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan, birka\u00e7 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 temsil etmi\u015f olabilirdi. Yine de onun yapt\u0131klar\u0131 en \u00e7ok Motun\u2019a benziyordu.<\/p>\n

Bu kadar derinlere dalmaya da asl\u0131nda gerek yoktu. Destan\u0131n en eski de\u011fi\u015fkesinde, Uygur harfli O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan Destan\u0131<\/em>\u2019nda \u201cBen Uygur\u2019un ka\u011fan\u0131y\u0131m\u201d demiyor muydu? Uygur, Karluk, K\u0131p\u00e7ak, Kala\u00e7 T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131 o vermemi\u015f miydi? Adlar\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi bu beyler hep onun ordusunun beyleri de\u011fil miydi? Destan bize a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. O\u011fuz, b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n ka\u011fan\u0131 idi. Onun uran\u0131 (naras\u0131) \u201cg\u00f6kb\u00f6r\u00fc\u201d idi. Neredeyse b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyay\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve g\u00fcne\u015f tu\u011f idi, g\u00f6k ise \u00e7ad\u0131r. O, b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n \u201ccihan h\u00e2kimiyeti mefk\u00fbresi\u201dni temsil ediyordu. O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan yaln\u0131z O\u011fuzlar\u0131n de\u011fil b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrklerindi ve b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrklerin \u201c\u00fclk\u00fc\u201ds\u00fcn\u00fcn yol ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n

O\u011fuznamelerle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rken \u201cDaha neler g\u00f6rd\u00fc bu g\u00f6zlerim?\u201d diye bir not alm\u0131\u015f, bir yerlere yazm\u0131\u015f\u0131m. Eh, o g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerimi de bir ba\u015fka yaz\u0131ya saklayay\u0131m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Ahmed Zeki Pa\u015fa da, Muallim Cevdet de son kelimeyi Bilgeci <\/em><\/strong>okumu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yazar\u0131m\u0131z Ercilasun yine O\u011fuznameleri yazd\u0131. O\u011fuznamelerin sadece O\u011fuzlara ait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrklerin destan\u0131 oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu. T\u00fcrk Dili dergisinin Ocak say\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan bu yaz\u0131y\u0131 \u00f6nemine binaen sitemize koyuyoruz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":9239,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2,66,68],"tags":[1177,1176,1175,1113,850],"coauthors":[11],"class_list":["post-9211","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-siyaset-tarih","category-turkluk-turkculuk","tag-dede-korkut-kitabi","tag-hikayet-i-oguzname-idivanu-lugatit-turk","tag-kutadgu-bilig","tag-oguzname","tag-ulu-han-ata-bitigci"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9211","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9211"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9211\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9259,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9211\/revisions\/9259"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9239"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9211"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9211"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9211"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=9211"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}