![\"\"](\"http:\/\/misak.millidusunce.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/lozan-300x169.jpg\")
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T\u00fcrkiye Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n 7-8 Aral\u0131k 2017\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi Yunanistan ziyareti, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 iki \u00fclkenin de g\u00fcndemine ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Erdo\u011fan, Ba\u015fbakan s\u0131fat\u0131yla iki kez resmi olarak Yunanistan\u2019da bulunmu\u015fsa da Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131yla ilk kez Yunanistan ziyaret ediyordu. \u00dcstelik Celal Bayar\u2019\u0131n 1952\u2019deki ziyaretinden 65 y\u0131l sonra ilk Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyareti olmas\u0131 nedeniyle gezi ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6nemliyken \u201c ya\u015fanan s\u00f6z d\u00fcellosu\u201d, ilgiyi beklenmedik d\u00fczeyde artt\u0131rd\u0131. Erdo\u011fan ard\u0131nda \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n, gergin, endi\u015feli ve k\u0131zg\u0131n insanlar b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk bas\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ama galiba eksik aktarmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n Lozan\u2019da \u201cde\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d \u00f6nerisi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de patrik se\u00e7imle gelmesine ra\u011fmen Bat\u0131 Trakya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n kendi m\u00fcft\u00fclerini se\u00e7ememesi itiraz\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Ancak Reuters Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kom\u015fular\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n belirsiz oldu\u011fu,[1]<\/a> Ege ve K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta kal\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi vurgusunu da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haberine eklemi\u015ftir. Do\u011frusu bu ek bilgi Yunanistan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Prokopis Pavlopoulos\u2019un cevaben neden \u201cLozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131, Yunanistan’\u0131n ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi’nin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ve egemenli\u011fini tan\u0131ml\u0131yor ve bu anla\u015fma m\u00fczakere edilemez. Anla\u015fman\u0131n hi\u00e7bir kusuru yoktur, g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi veya g\u00fcncellenmesi gerekmez<\/em> ” dedi\u011fini ve s\u0131n\u0131rlara vurgu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. \u00dcstelik Reuters\u2019e g\u00f6re ifade edilen m\u00fcft\u00fc se\u00e7imi de\u011fil \u201cba\u015f m\u00fcft\u00fc\u201d se\u00e7imidir ki bu da asl\u0131nda bamba\u015fka bir konuyu g\u00fcndeme getirir. Yine Reuters\u2019a g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in esasen \u201cLozan\u2019\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte oldu\u011funu nas\u0131l s\u00f6yleyebiliriz? Bunu yaparak (ba\u015f m\u00fcft\u00fc se\u00e7imi) Lozan\u2019\u0131n uygulanabilirli\u011fini ispatlamam\u0131z laz\u0131m<\/em>\u201d demi\u015ftir. Bu ifade, Lozan\u2019\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinden ziyade Lozan\u2019\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir giri\u015fim\/tepki olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. NTV\u2019nin Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6zlerini aktar\u0131m\u0131ndaki “Lozan konusunda san\u0131yorum hala anla\u015f\u0131lmayan baz\u0131 incelikler var<\/em>“[2]<\/a> ifadesi de bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 do\u011frular niteliktedir.<\/p>\n Yine de burada Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n Lozan\u2019\u0131n \u201cg\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilip, g\u00fcncellenmesi\u201dne ili\u015fkin s\u00f6zlerinin hangi anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, Yunanistan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Lozan\u2019\u0131n m\u00fczakere edilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve 2016\u2019n\u0131n yine Aral\u0131k ay\u0131na denk gelen bir ba\u015fka Lozan tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda Yunanistan Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131 Panos Kammenos\u2019un \u201cLozan\u2019\u0131 be\u011fenmiyorsan\u0131z Sevr\u2019i verelim\u201d[3]<\/a> s\u00f6zleri \u00fczerinden Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Lozan yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilecektir. Ama \u00f6nce Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n \u0130ngiliz gazetelerine g\u00f6re Pavlopoulos\u2019un \u015foka girmesine neden olan Lozan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bir zinciri k\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmek gerekir. Son d\u00f6nem g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde, temsil edilen makam ve kimin ev sahibi oldu\u011fu \u00f6nemli olmaks\u0131z\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye-Yunanistan bulu\u015fmalar\u0131nda bas\u0131na yans\u0131yan sadece gerek ek\u00fcmeniklik gerekse Ruhban Okulu \u00fczerinden Fener Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin talepleri olurdu (Rum az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sorunlar\u0131 de\u011fil Patrikhane\u2019nin beklentileri). Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n 7 Aral\u0131k ziyaretinde \u201cyaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fok\u201d ise ne bu konular\u0131n Yunanistan taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcndeme getirilmesine ne de Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n AB \u00fcyeli\u011fi vurgusuyla y\u00fcksek perdeden konu\u015farak insan ve az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131ndan bahsetmesine imk\u00e2n ve f\u0131rsat b\u0131rakt\u0131. Aksine Bat\u0131 Trakya T\u00fcrklerinin s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 d\u00fcnya bas\u0131n\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 a\u011fz\u0131ndan duyurulmu\u015f oldu. Yunanistan insan haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131ya davet edildi. \u00dcstelik ya\u015fanan polemik, her kesimin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lara dikkat kesilmesini de sa\u011flad\u0131. Sonu\u00e7ta de\u011fi\u015ftirilemeyece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k olan Lozan\u2019\u0131n ortaya at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n salt bu amaca hizmet etti\u011fi dahi iddia edilebilir. Peki, Yunanistan Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na ger\u00e7ekten g\u00f6n\u00fclden ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n Yunanistan Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na Dokunulmas\u0131n\u0131 Neden \u0130stemez?<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130\u015fin ger\u00e7e\u011fi Yunanistan, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uymamaktad\u0131r. 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 12. maddesiyle saptanan 3 millik karasular\u0131n\u0131 6 mile geni\u015fletmi\u015f; \u00f6ncesinde 1931\u2019de karasular\u0131 geni\u015fli\u011finde olmas\u0131 gereken milli hava sahas\u0131n\u0131 10 mile geni\u015fletmi\u015f; 1955\u2019ten itibaren Lozan ve 1947 Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmalar\u0131ndan do\u011fan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini ihl\u00e2l ederek Do\u011fu Ege Adalar\u0131na ve Oniki Ada\u2019ya asker ve silah y\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011f\u0131 yapmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f; Bat\u0131 Trakya\u2019daki T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Lozan\u2019dan kaynaklanan \u00f6zel stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik uygulamalar i\u00e7ine girmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019nda yer al\u0131p da Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n riayet etti\u011fi hi\u00e7bir d\u00fczenleme bulunmuyor. Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclemez bulmas\u0131 ise farkl\u0131 nedenlere dayan\u0131yor. S\u0131n\u0131rlar ve az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6zel stat\u00fcs\u00fc \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Ege S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n S\u0131n\u0131rlar denildi\u011finde Trakya\u2019y\u0131 b\u00f6len kara s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 da bunun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 ve Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlara yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cAB s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131\u201d vurgusu, yani s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 AB\u2019ye dayayan savunma refleksi, bu konuda bir teredd\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Ancak burada sonu\u00e7ta kara s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 da ilgilendiren deniz egemenlik alan\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulacakt\u0131r. Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n 2004 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana isk\u00e2na a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 17 ada, deniz yetki alanlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinden ziyade bir toprak par\u00e7as\u0131 \u00fczerinde tesis edilen ve buna uygulanacak karasular\u0131, k\u0131tasahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve m\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lge, hava sahas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle \u201cegemenlik\u201d bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Bunun T\u00fcrkiye egemenli\u011findeki ada ya da adac\u0131klar \u00fczerinde yap\u0131l\u0131yor olmas\u0131 da daha ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli hususlar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmektedir.<\/p>\n Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n \u015eubat 1950, May\u0131s 1953, Haziran 1955, Ekim 1956 ve Aral\u0131k 1962 tarihlerinde bu konuda verdi\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve s\u00f6zl\u00fc notalar, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n deniz s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Yunanistan her ne kadar \u201cYunan egemenlik haklar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lamaz\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 sergilemekteyse de tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz olarak kendisine ait oldu\u011funu iddia etti\u011fi ada, adac\u0131k ve kayal\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n emin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesindir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Ege Adalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n aidiyeti meselesinin en kritik noktas\u0131 ve \u00f6ncelikle belirtilmesi gereken hususu, T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan aras\u0131nda deniz s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7izilmemi\u015f oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n tezi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye aitli\u011fi antla\u015fmalarla belirlenmi\u015f adalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalanlar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n Yunanistan\u2019a ait oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011finin bulunmas\u0131 ancak ya Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin halefi olmas\u0131 durumunda ya da Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n de\u011fil de Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 durumunda s\u00f6z konusu olabilecektir. (E\u011fer halef olsayd\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deyen T\u00fcrkiye de\u011fil, Yunanistan olmal\u0131yd\u0131). Ne var ki, Yunanistan\u2019a b\u0131rak\u0131lan adalar zaten 1923 Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ve 1947 Paris Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019nda isim isim belirtilmi\u015f, \u201cbiti\u015fik\/t\u00e2bi adac\u0131k\u201d say\u0131lacak par\u00e7alar\u0131n da \u201cy\u00fcr\u00fcyerek ge\u00e7ilecek mesafede olaca\u011f\u0131\u201d izah edilmi\u015ftir. Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n 15. maddesine ekli 2 numaral\u0131 haritada da, \u0130talya’ya verilen toplam 14 adan\u0131n (Oniki ada, Rodos ve Meis) isimlerinin alt\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkle \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir.[4]<\/a> Dahas\u0131 1939 ve 1943 tarihli \u0130ngiliz haritalar\u0131 ile 1951 ve 1957 tarihli ABD haritalar\u0131, Yunanistan’\u0131n i\u015fgal etti\u011fi 17 ada ve 1 kayal\u0131\u011f\u0131n, 12 ada deniz s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’ne ait oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n Konunun hukuki, siyasi, teknik teferruat\u0131n\u0131 bir ba\u015fka makaleye b\u0131rak\u0131yorsak da Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sessizli\u011finden faydaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespitini buraya not d\u00fc\u015fmek gerekir. K\u0131sacas\u0131, D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Davuto\u011flu\u2019nun i\u015fgale u\u011fram\u0131\u015f adalar hakk\u0131ndaki \u201cistik\u015faf\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde ele al\u0131n\u0131n aidiyeti belirsiz ada\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere baz\u0131 yetkililerin karma\u015f\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n asl\u0131nda ihl\u00e2l etti\u011fi Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ait adalar\u0131 i\u015fgalde f\u0131rsat olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir. Nitekim E\u015fek Adas\u0131\u2019na Yunan bayra\u011f\u0131 dikilmesinin T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan engellendi\u011fi 1999 y\u0131l\u0131ndan Yunan Genel Kurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n adaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Aral\u0131k 2008\u2019e ve hemen ard\u0131ndan da Yunanistan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n gelerek denize ha\u00e7 atma t\u00f6reni ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi 5 Ocak 2009 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir \u015feylerin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Fet\u00f6c\u00fc ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n Ege\u2019de bir yerlerde hata yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 da sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 elde tutarsak Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n Lozan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bu hatan\u0131n telafisi giri\u015fimi olarak alg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00d6zel Stat\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n Burada iki ana unsuru belirlemek gerekir: Birincisi Yunanistan az\u0131nl\u0131klar konusunda sadece Lozan h\u00fck\u00fcmleriyle ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fil, ikincisi Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 sadece Bat\u0131 Trakya\u2019daki T\u00fcrklerden ve hatta sadece T\u00fcrklerden ibaret de\u011fil. Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 ve uygulanan ile uygulanmas\u0131 gereken hukuk meselesi mecburen ayr\u0131 bir makale gerektiriyor. Ana ba\u015fl\u0131klarla gidersek Yunanistan, 1913 Atina Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ve 1920 Sevr Anla\u015fmas\u0131[5]<\/a> h\u00fck\u00fcmleriyle de ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. 1913 Atina Anla\u015fmas\u0131, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 titizlikle ele almas\u0131, cemaat y\u00f6netimlerinin muhtariyeti, m\u00fcft\u00fclerin se\u00e7imi, vak\u0131flar\u0131n y\u00f6netimi ve hatta \u0130stanbul\u2019la ili\u015fkilerin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. 1920 Yunan Sevri\u2019nin 8. Maddesi \u201cSoy, din, dil az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131na harcamalar\u0131 kendilerine ait dini, i\u00e7timai m\u00fcesseseler ve okullar kurma\u2026.\u201d hakk\u0131 verirken etnik ve dil az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7ermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. 9. maddesi ise az\u0131nl\u0131klara verilen haklar\u0131n \u201c1 Ocak 1913\u2019ten sonra kat\u0131lan topraklar i\u00e7indir\u201d[6]<\/a> ve \u201csonradan eklenebilecek topraklarda da ge\u00e7erli olaca\u011f\u0131\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc nedeniyle, Bat\u0131 Trakya kadar Rodos ve Oniki Adalar i\u00e7in de ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6nemlidir. \u00dcstelik Sevr Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla Yunanistan Millerler Cemiyeti\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck alt\u0131na sokulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Bu noktada \u201cBa\u015f M\u00fcft\u00fc\u201d meselesine a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirmek gerekir. Bat\u0131 Trakya T\u00fcrkleri, Rodos\u2019ta ve Dedea\u011fa\u00e7\u2019ta m\u00fcft\u00fc se\u00e7imleri yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in sadece G\u00fcm\u00fclcine ve \u0130ske\u00e7e\u2019de se\u00e7ilmi\u015f m\u00fcft\u00fclere sahiptir ve ba\u015f m\u00fcft\u00fcl\u00fck se\u00e7imleri yap\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r. Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n \u201cBa\u015f M\u00fcft\u00fc\u201d vurgusunun esasen \u015fimdiki se\u00e7ilmi\u015f m\u00fcft\u00fclerin tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve bir sonraki a\u015famaya ge\u00e7ilmesi talebi olarak alg\u0131lanmas\u0131 gerekir. Kanaatimizce en az\u0131ndan Yunanistan bunu b\u00f6yle anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde huzursuz olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Bu konunun bam teli ise Bat\u0131 Trakya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrklerin -ve haydi Yunanistan s\u00f6ylemini kabul edelim M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n- stat\u00fcs\u00fc meselesidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Yunanistan, Lozan\u2019a sar\u0131l\u0131p bahsedilen di\u011fer iki anla\u015fmay\u0131 ge\u00e7ersiz kabul etmekle az\u0131nl\u0131k stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc de Bat\u0131 Trakya b\u00f6lgesi ile s\u0131n\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n sonradan edindi\u011fi Rodos ve Oniki Adalar\u2019daki T\u00fcrkleri nas\u0131l bir stat\u00fcye koymak gerekir? H\u00e2lbuki Atina Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 3 nolu protokol\u00fc, az\u0131nl\u0131klara ili\u015fkin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yunan Sevri ise 1913 sonras\u0131 Yunanistan\u2019a kat\u0131lan ve kat\u0131labilecek t\u00fcm topraklar i\u00e7in bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaymaktad\u0131r. Yani h\u00fck\u00fcmler t\u00fcm az\u0131nl\u0131klara t\u00fcm Yunanistan genelinde uygulanacakt\u0131r. Lozan Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 29 Aral\u0131k 1922 tarihli oturumunda Yunanistan delegesinin Atina Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cYap\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu anla\u015fma (Lozan) Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n daha \u00f6nceki hukuki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin hi\u00e7birini de\u011fi\u015ftiremez ve Konferans\u2019\u0131n bu \u00e7e\u015fit y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri kald\u0131rma ya da do\u011frulama yetkisi de yoktur\u201d cevab\u0131 Lozan\u2019\u0131n ruhunun anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6te yandan Lozan\u2019\u0131n Son Senet\u2019inde XVI. numara ile kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan Protokol, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u201cLozan Konferans\u0131\u2019nda yap\u0131lan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131yla \u00f6teki Senetlerin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmas\u0131n\u0131n, Yunanistan\u2019daki az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 konusunda Ba\u015fl\u0131ca M\u00fcttefik Devletlerle Yunanistan aras\u0131nda, 10 A\u011fustos 1920 tarihinde Sevr\u2019de yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fman\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d kan\u0131s\u0131na var\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Yani Protokol\u2019a g\u00f6re, Sevr\u2019de yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f anla\u015fman\u0131n onay belgesi, Lozan\u2019\u0131nkilerle birlikte sunulacakt\u0131r. Nitekim Yunanistan o g\u00fcne dek onaylamam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 29 Eyl\u00fcl ve 30 Elim 1923 tarihli tasdik belgeleriyle onaylam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00d6ncelikle Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n mahkeme kararlar\u0131nda bile at\u0131f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Atina ve Sevr Anla\u015fmalar\u0131\u2019yla 1981\u2019den itibaren kendini y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc g\u00f6rmemesinin makul bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ancak Lozan\u2019a sar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 zihniyet bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bat\u0131 Trakya T\u00fcrklerini dahi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Helenler olarak tarif eden bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00fclkesinde \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d vasf\u0131na haiz olanlar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 oldu\u011fundan az g\u00f6stermek istedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Rodos\u2019ta ve Oniki Adalar\u2019da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 da ayn\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u201cAyn\u0131\u201d derken, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n uygulamaktan imtina etti\u011fi ama uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalarla tespit edilmi\u015f haklar\u0131 kastediyoruz.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkler denilince M\u00fcbadele d\u00f6neminde Yunanistan\u2019a g\u00f6nderilen T\u00fcrk Ortodokslar\u0131 ve zaten orada yerle\u015fik olan Gagavuzlar\u0131 da anmak gerekmez mi? T\u00fcm anla\u015fmalar birlikte ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201csoy ve dil az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131\u201d ifadesi, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n halefi olarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u2013keza b\u00f6yle hukuki devaml\u0131l\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 kurulmas\u0131 bile gerekmez- T\u00fcrk soylu bu kesimin haklar\u0131n\u0131n takip\u00e7isi olaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7ta Ortodoksluk dininin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi milli k\u00f6kene yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 at\u0131ft\u0131r ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da Ortodokslar\u0131n kendi dillerinde ibadet yap\u0131p yapamamas\u0131nda kendisini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n geride b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vatanda\u015flar\u0131 olan Arnavutlar meselesi de dikkate \u015fayan de\u011fil midir? T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2017 y\u0131l\u0131 D\u0131\u015f Politika Kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131nda[7]<\/a> T\u00fcrk olmamalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen ilk kez Sancak Bo\u015fnaklar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n takip\u00e7isi olunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ifade edildi\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izelim. Demek ki T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrkler d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki kesimlerin haklar\u0131n\u0131 da art\u0131k takip etmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Arnavut k\u00f6kenlilerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Yunanistan\u2019daki soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan ka\u00e7an \u00c7amerya Arnavutlar\u0131ndan olu\u015ftu\u011funu hat\u0131rlat\u0131rsak bu soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n muhasebesinin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin boynunun borcu oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler olmayacak m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n Bu daire Ortodoks Arnavutlar(Arvanitler)[8]<\/a>, Makedonlar, Ulahlar \u015feklinde geni\u015fleyebilir\u2026 Az\u0131nl\u0131klar meselesi, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n s\u00fcrekli ihl\u00e2l etti\u011fi Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmas\u0131ndaki ironiyi de anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ne zaman, nas\u0131l bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yapaca\u011f\u0131 kestirilemeyen bir lider g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcyle Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n Yunanistan\u2019da yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fok ve huzursuzluk dalgas\u0131 da hen\u00fcz dile gelmemi\u015f bu arka plan endi\u015felerinde gizlidir.<\/p>\n (Bu makale ilk olarak Diplomatic Observer<\/strong> dergisinin Ocak 2018 tarihli 119. say\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cThe Lausanne Debate: A Turning Point In Turkish-Greek Relations\u201d<\/strong> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [1]<\/a> Turkey’s Erdogan, in Greece, says border treaty unclear, 7 December 2017, https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/worldNews\/idAFKBN1E11CL<\/a><\/p>\n [2]<\/a> Erdo\u011fan: Lozan konusunda hala anla\u015f\u0131lmayan incelikler var, 7 Aral\u0131k 2017, https:\/\/www.ntv.com.tr\/turkiye\/erdogan-lozan-konusunda-hala-anlasilmayan-incelikler-var,Di8Z5ap8yEy3XmoDPVu99Q<\/a><\/p>\n [3]<\/a> Yunanistan Savunma Bakan\u0131: Erdo\u011fan Lozan’\u0131 istemiyorsa, Sevr’i verelim!, 1 Aral\u0131k 2016, http:\/\/haber.sol.org.tr\/dunya\/yunanistan-savunma-bakani-erdogan-lozani-istemiyorsa-sevri-verelim-177663<\/a><\/p>\n [4]<\/a> Haritalar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye kamuoyunun bilgisine sunan Eski Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Genel Sekreteri emekli Kurmay Albay \u00dcmit Yal\u0131m\u2019a minnettarl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sunar\u0131z.<\/p>\n [5]<\/a> Yunan Sevri, \u0130ngiltere, Fransa, \u0130talya, Japonya ve Yunanistan aras\u0131nda imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sevr ile ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n [6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.batitrakya.org\/bati-trakya\/bati-trakya-hukuki-statu\/yunan-sevri-10-agustos-1920.html<\/p>\n [7]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/site_media\/html\/2017-yili-basinda-dis-politikamiz.pdf<\/p>\n [8]<\/a> Plaka, Atina\u2019n\u0131n Arnavut semti olarak bilinir, burada kendi mahkemeleri bulunur ve i\u015flemler Arnavut\u00e7a yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu durum 1940\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara kadar devam etmi\u015ftir. Murat Hatipo\u011flu, Yunanistan\u2019da Tan\u0131nmayan Az\u0131nl\u0131klar, ABTTF Yay., https:\/\/www.abttf.org\/BilimselCalismalar\/ResearchSerie4_TR.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan, ard\u0131nda \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n bir Yunanistan b\u0131rakt\u0131. Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Lozan\u2019\u0131 sahiplenmesi, t\u00fcm etnik ve dini az\u0131nl\u0131klara d\u00f6n\u00fck y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini d\u00fczenleyen iki ayr\u0131 antla\u015fmadan ka\u00e7ma ve Ege\u2019de yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni durumu koruma amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":933,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2,66,69],"tags":[],"coauthors":[30],"class_list":["post-928","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-siyaset-tarih","category-yakin-cografya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/928","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=928"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/928\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/933"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=928"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=928"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=928"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=928"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}