{"id":9351,"date":"2020-01-27T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-27T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=9351&preview=true&preview_id=9351"},"modified":"2020-01-27T20:38:11","modified_gmt":"2020-01-27T17:38:11","slug":"150-yil-sonra-tekrar-geldigimiz-cikmaz-yabancilara-toprak-satisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/150-yil-sonra-tekrar-geldigimiz-cikmaz-yabancilara-toprak-satisi\/","title":{"rendered":"150 y\u0131l sonra tekrar geldi\u011fimiz \u00e7\u0131kmaz: Yabanc\u0131lara toprak sat\u0131\u015f\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u201c\u00dclkede yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n arazi ve emlak edinmesi salt bir m\u00fclkiyet <\/em>sorunu olarak de\u011ferlendirilemez. <\/em><\/p>\n

Toprak devletin vazge\u00e7ilmesi <\/em>olanaks\u0131z temel unsuru, egemenlik ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n simgesidir.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi Karar\u0131 -1985<\/p>\n

Son g\u00fcnlerde ak\u0131l almaz geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Nedeni n’i\u00e7ini pek izah edilme gere\u011fi duyulmayan bir kanal \u0131srar\u0131ndan, bu kanal boyunda birilerinin arazi-emlak kapatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberlerine, mehdi bekleyen ve bunun i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131na kadar, bildi\u011fimiz kavram ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00f6tesinde zihin zorlamalar\u0131na maruz kal\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Bu kapsamda, son g\u00fcnlerde, sosyal medya hesaplar\u0131nda baz\u0131 Arap \u00fclkelerinin televizyon reklamlar\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ta\u015f\u0131nmaz alman\u0131n cazibelerinin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, 250 bin dolarl\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131nmaz alana bonus olarak T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da verildi\u011finin s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 zaman\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan, yabanc\u0131ya ta\u015f\u0131nmaz satma konusunun y\u00fcz elli y\u0131ldan fazla bir tarihi var. Bu tarihi, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Muzaffer Erdost\u2019un konferans notlar\u0131 ve kitaplar\u0131ndan \u00f6zetlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda bu hazin hik\u00e2yeyi, her yenileni\u015finde geni\u015fletilen ve 1740’dan itibaren devaml\u0131 hale getirilen, giderek ekonomik olmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda idari, adli, hukuki boyunduruk haline gelen kapit\u00fclasyondan ba\u015flay\u0131p, 1838 ticari teslim anla\u015fmas\u0131, devlet y\u00f6netiminin israfa batmas\u0131 ile gelen acziyet ve bor\u00e7lanmas\u0131 sonu\u00e7ta gelen D\u00fcyunu Umumiye, reji idaresi\u2026 ile birlikte okumak daha \u00f6\u011fretici olacakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015fin sonunun 2000’li y\u0131llara nas\u0131l geldi\u011fi ve \u015fimdi 250 bin dolara vatanda\u015fl\u0131k sat\u0131lmas\u0131 daha kolay anla\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Ancak, yaz\u0131y\u0131 k\u0131saltabilmek i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 Devleti zaman\u0131nda Cumhuriyete kadar olan geli\u015fmeleri \u00f6zetlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti d\u00f6neminden Lozan\u2019a kadar<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin ilk yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 bor\u00e7lanmas\u0131,1854 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Hazinenin peri\u015fan durumu nedeniyle, sava\u015f haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130ngiltere\u2019den 3 milyon sterlin bor\u00e7 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Cengiz \u00d6zak\u0131nc\u0131, bor\u00e7 alma gerek\u00e7eleri aras\u0131nda, o zaman\u0131n AB\u2019si olan Avrupa Kul\u00fcb\u00fc\u2019ne girebilmek i\u00e7in, hanedanlar aras\u0131 yak\u0131nla\u015fmay\u0131 sa\u011flama amac\u0131n\u0131, en az\u0131ndan bu gerek\u00e7e ile pa\u015falar\u0131n h\u00fcnkar\u0131 raz\u0131 etti\u011fini sayar.) 1858 y\u0131l\u0131nda tekrar 5 milyon sterlin bor\u00e7 al\u0131n\u0131r. 1860 y\u0131l\u0131nda da b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapatmak i\u00e7in Maliye Naz\u0131r\u0131 \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye m\u00fcracaatla 250 milyon Frank bor\u00e7 ister. \u0130ngiltere bu iste\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k;<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde yabanc\u0131lara emlak sat\u0131n alma ve kiralama hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131,<\/li>\n
  • Al\u0131nan borca bu emlak\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterilmesi, vak\u0131f sisteminin ilga edilmesi,<\/li>\n
  • Osmanl\u0131 maliyesinin uluslararas\u0131 bir komisyon taraf\u0131ndan denetlenmesi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ko\u015far.<\/p>\n

    (Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, al\u0131nan her borca bir vergi ya da gelirini kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • 1855\u2019de al\u0131nan borca, M\u0131s\u0131r vergisi ile Suriye ve \u0130zmir g\u00fcmr\u00fckleri vergisi,<\/li>\n
    • 1858-1859 y\u0131llar\u0131nda al\u0131nan borca \u0130stanbul oktruvas\u0131 (ayak bast\u0131 paras\u0131) ile g\u00fcmr\u00fckleri,<\/li>\n
    • 1862’de al\u0131nan borca t\u00fct\u00fcn, tuz, damga ve temett\u00fc resimleri,<\/li>\n
    • 1863\u2019de al\u0131nan borca g\u00fcmr\u00fckler, ipek, zeytinya\u011f\u0131, t\u00fct\u00fcn ve tuz a\u015far\u0131,<\/li>\n
    • 1865’te al\u0131nan borca Ergani madeni,<\/li>\n
    • 1869\u2019da al\u0131nan borca muhtelif vilayetler a\u015far\u0131,<\/li>\n
    • 1872 de al\u0131nan borca Selanik, Edirne, Tuna vilayetleri varidat\u0131 ile Anadolu a\u011fnam resmi vb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • 1863\u2019de 8.8 milyon bor\u00e7lanmadan ele ge\u00e7en 6.250 milyon liran\u0131n tamam\u0131 Galata bankerlerinin alaca\u011f\u0131na tahsis edilmi\u015f,<\/li>\n
      • 1877 Rus Sava\u015f\u0131nda da kimseden bor\u00e7 bulamay\u0131nca, devletin ipotek edilmemi\u015f gelirleri 10 milyon lira bor\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Rusumu Sitte ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda Galata sarraflar\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; tuz, t\u00fct\u00fcn, ispirto, pul, \u0130stanbul ve Bursa ipek \u00f6\u015fr\u00fc, \u0130stanbul ve \u00e7evresi bal\u0131k resmi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Daha \u00f6nce miras vb. \u00e7e\u015fitli yollarla Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinmi\u015f yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n haklar\u0131 konusunda \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa’n\u0131n ba\u015f \u00e7ekti\u011fi Avrupa devletlerinin notas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k notala\u015fmalar ve \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sonucunda, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti 1868 y\u0131l\u0131nda (7 Sefer 1284-18 Haziran 1868) \u0130stimlak Nizamnamesini yay\u0131mlar. 7 Sefer Kanunu diye de an\u0131lan Nizamnameye eklenen protokol\u00fc imzalayan devletlerin tebaas\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndan (Hicaz hari\u00e7) ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinebileceklerdir. (Baz\u0131 yazarlar Sefer Kanunu,baz\u0131 yazarlar da 7 Sefer Tarihli Tebaay\u0131 Ecnebiyenin Emlake Mutasarr\u0131f Olmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun olarak belirtmektedir<\/em>.)<\/p>\n

        Bu protokolu Haziran 1868’den ba\u015flamak \u00fczere Yunanistan d\u00e2hil b\u00fct\u00fcn Avrupa devletleri, 1874\u2019te ABD ve 1883\u2019te \u0130ran dahi imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Kanunda yabanc\u0131lar kapit\u00fclasyondan farkl\u0131 olarak Osmanl\u0131 hukukuna tabi tutulmu\u015f, ancak gayrimenkul tan\u0131m\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz veya ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ayr\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu kere konsolosluklarca karara ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanunda yabanc\u0131 ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filere ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinme hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yabanc\u0131 t\u00fczel ki\u015filere ise bu hak,1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Cemiyetler Kanunu ve 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u2018\u2019E\u015fhas\u0131 H\u00fckmiyenin Emvali Gayrimenkuleye Tasarruflar\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019\u2019 ile tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        7 Sefer Kanunu\u2019na dayan\u0131larak 1868 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130ngiliz t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n \u0130zmir y\u00f6resinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 arazi miktar\u0131 ekilebilir alanlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n elinde bu kadar toprak birikmesi endi\u015fe yaratm\u0131\u015f, bunlardan ayr\u0131ca vergi al\u0131nmas\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015f, ancak uygulanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Orhan Kurmu\u015f\u2019tan naklen Erdost)<\/p>\n

        1877 T\u00fcrk-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131 ile birlikte yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n arazi al\u0131mlar\u0131 h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015f ve \u0130zmir y\u00f6resindeki ekilebilir alanlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc 41 \u0130ngiliz t\u00fcccar\u0131n tapulu m\u00fclk\u00fc haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bu miktar\u0131n, \u0130ngiliz t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 2.4-2.8 milyon d\u00f6n\u00fcm araziye; Rum, Ermeni ve Yahudilerin eline ge\u00e7en araziler de dahil edildi\u011finde 5-6 milyon d\u00f6n\u00fcm oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. (Orhan Kurmu\u015f)<\/p>\n

        Arazi alanlar\u0131n listesi incelendi\u011finde, \u0130ngiliz ve \u0130talyan t\u00fcccarlar ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Avrupa \u00fclkelerinden t\u00fcccarlar yan\u0131nda, levantenler ve Galata bankerlerinin de oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bankerler i\u00e7inde \u00f6zellikle Sadaret Bankeri<\/em> diye \u00fcnlenmi\u015f Baltazzi ailesi de vard\u0131r. Dersaadet Bankas\u0131 kurucular\u0131ndan da olan bu aile, Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin finansman\u0131nda \u00f6nemli roller oynam\u0131\u015f bir ailedir. Aile \u00fcst\u00fcne doktora bile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Cem \u00c7etin, 2009-Marmara \u00dcniversitesi \u0130ktisat Fak\u00fcltesi)<\/p>\n

        Belirtilen bu miktarlar, g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi gibi, Akdeniz havzas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan Osmanl\u0131 co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n Anadolu\u2019ya ait s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 al\u0131mlar\u0131 ile ilgili bilgiler, ger\u00e7ekten ilgin\u00e7 bir tablo ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilirdi. Nitekim M\u0131s\u0131r hidiv ve krallar\u0131n\u0131n \u2013Kral Faruk\u2019un \u015fa\u015faal\u0131 ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131 hat\u0131rlanabilir- gelir kaynaklar\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u0130ngiliz \u015firketleri ile ortakl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fczerinden pamuk borsas\u0131ndand\u0131r. Belki daha enteresan\u0131 Filistin’de yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n(!) sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklar \u00fczerinde bir devlet kurulmas\u0131 ve Filistinlilerin kendi topraklar\u0131nda m\u00fclteci durumuna d\u00fc\u015fmesinin 1868 tarihli bu yasa ile h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 durumudur ki, bir toplumun topraklar\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi konusunda \u00e7ok \u00f6\u011fretici g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

        2 Te\u015frinisani 1330 (1914) tarihli yasa ile \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcn eski kanun ve nizamnameler\u201d ile eski anla\u015fmalara dayanan h\u00fck\u00fcmler feshedilmi\u015f, 27 Eyl\u00fcl 1914\u2019de de Avrupal\u0131 devletlerin genel hukukuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak yabanc\u0131lara verilmi\u015f ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar ve dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. Ancak, birka\u00e7 ay sonra sava\u015fa girilmesi nedeniyle anla\u015fmalar\u0131n tek tarafl\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bir anlam\u0131 ve pratik bir faydas\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Cumhuriyet<\/strong><\/h2>\n

        Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcyle kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Antla\u015fman\u0131n \u201cOturma ve Yarg\u0131 Yetkisi Konusunda S\u00f6zle\u015fme<\/em>\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile, m\u00fcttefik devletler uyruklar\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de her \u00e7e\u015fit ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinme, bunlar\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetinde tutma ya da ba\u015fkalar\u0131na ge\u00e7irme hakk\u0131 tan\u0131n\u0131yordu. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bu devletler de T\u00fcrk uyruklar\u0131na kendi \u00fclkelerinde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinme hakk\u0131 tan\u0131yorlard\u0131.Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin s\u00fcresi 7 y\u0131ll\u0131kt\u0131 ve 24 Temmuz 1930’da sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

        18 Mart 1924 tarihinde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 442 say\u0131l\u0131 K\u00f6y Kanunu’nun 87. maddesi ile, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti tabiyetinde olmayan yabanc\u0131 ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin k\u00f6ylerde arazi ve emlak almas\u0131 yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanunda “K\u00f6y, n\u00fcfusu iki binden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yurt” olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f, bu da yukar\u0131da belirtilen oturma s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini s\u0131n\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f ve yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinmelerini zorla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Lozan\u2019da imzalanan \u201cOturma S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi”nde yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n k\u00f6ylerden arazi edinmelerine k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirilmemi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n

        K\u00f6y Kanununu 87. maddesi ile sadece k\u00f6y arazileri korunmakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, daha \u00f6nce \u00f6zellikle Ege ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da toprak alm\u0131\u015f yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n, bu b\u00fcy\u00fck arazileri yeniden edinmeleri \u00f6nlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

        1930 Y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cOturma S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201dnin s\u00fcresinin bitmesi ve uzat\u0131lmamas\u0131 \u00fczerine, yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinmeleri imk\u00e2ns\u0131z hale gelmi\u015ftir. Ancak bir anlamda da halen elinde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz bulunduranlar i\u00e7in hukuki bir bo\u015fluk ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n

        22 Aral\u0131k 1934 g\u00fcn ve 2644 say\u0131l\u0131 Tapu Kanunu\u2019nun 35. maddesi ile, yasa ile getirilmi\u015f k\u0131s\u0131tlamalara uymak ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmak ko\u015fuluyla yabanc\u0131 ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filere ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinme hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak 36. madde ile de \u201cyabanc\u0131lar\u0131n bir k\u00f6ye ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan m\u00fcstakil \u00e7iftlikleri ve k\u00f6y d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan arazileri 30 hektara kadar edinebilecekleri, 30 hektardan fazla olmas\u0131 halinde Bakanlar Kurulu karar\u0131 gerekece\u011fi, karar olmazsa fazla k\u0131sm\u0131n bedeli \u00f6denerek geri al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

        Osmanl\u0131 Devletinden intikal eden ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nce tan\u0131nan, yabanc\u0131lara ait din\u00ee ve ilm\u00ee kurulu\u015flar ile hay\u0131r m\u00fcesseselerinin ferman ve sair kararlar ile edinmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 Tapu Kanunu’nun 3. maddesi ile \u201ct\u00fczel ki\u015filikleri ad\u0131na\u201d tescil edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

        Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n m\u00fclk edinmeleri konusunda,7 Sefer Yasas\u0131’nda tebaaya temsil sistemi (yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n hukukuna tabi olmas\u0131) uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’nda ahdi m\u00fctekabiliyet-s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi, tapu kanunun ile de \u201cyasal kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k\u201d ilkesi getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

        Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n m\u00fclk edinmeleri konusunda,7 Sefer Yasas\u0131’nda tebaay\u0131 temsil sistemi (Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n hukukuna tabi olmas\u0131) uygulanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’nda ahdi m\u00fctekabiliyet-s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi, Tapu Kanununu ile de “yasal kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k” ilkesi getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

        7 Sefer Yasas\u0131’n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu zorluklar ve baz\u0131 gayrim\u00fcslim tebaay\u0131 korumas\u0131na alan devletlerin zorlamas\u0131na ba\u011flayan Anayasa Mahkemesi, Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’nda belirtilen s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k durumunun da, yeni kurulan devletin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in verilen bir taviz oldu\u011fu sonucuna varmaktad\u0131r. Esas olan yasal kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. (E 1984\/14 K1985\/7 13.6.1985 say\u0131l\u0131 karar)<\/p>\n

        Belirtilen bu hukuki s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde, yabanc\u0131lara tan\u0131nan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinme hakk\u0131 \u201cger\u00e7ek ki\u015filere\u201d tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131 istisnai durumlar kamu yarar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen petrol i\u015fleri vs. haricinde h\u00fckm\u00ee \u015fah\u0131slar t\u00fczel ki\u015filer ve yabanc\u0131 \u015firketlere bu hak tan\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        1980\u2019ler ve sonras\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

        Yeni T\u00fcrk devletince kurulan bu hukuk\u00ee stat\u00fc 1984 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin iktidarlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015ftirilme te\u015febb\u00fcsleri ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda 3029 ve 1986 y\u0131l\u0131nda 3278 say\u0131l\u0131 yasalarla K\u00f6y Kanunu\u2019nun 87. maddesi ile Tapu Kanunu\u2019nun 35 ve 36.maddelerine ilaveler ve de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ancak bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan iptal edilmi\u015ftir. Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6\u011fretici mahiyettedir.<\/p>\n

        21.6.1984 g\u00fcn 3026 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa ile Tapu Kanunu\u2019nun 35. maddesi \u201c…kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmak ve kanuni s\u0131n\u0131rlara uyulmak \u015fart\u0131yla yabanc\u0131 ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinebilirler.<\/em>\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcne, \u201c…ancak hangi \u00fclkelere yukar\u0131daki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ko\u015fulunun uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespite Bakanlar Kurulu yetkilidir.<\/em>\u201d eklemesi yap\u0131l\u0131rken;<\/p>\n

        K\u00f6y Kanunu\u2019nun \u201cyabanc\u0131 ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer ile yabanc\u0131 t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin k\u00f6ylerde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinmesi yasakt\u0131r<\/em>\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcne , \u201changi b\u00f6lge ve illerde maddedeki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalardan hangi \u00fclkelere istisna tan\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespite Bakanlar Kurulu yetkilidir<\/em>\u201d eklemesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

        3029 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa, Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin 13 Haziran 1985 tarihli karar\u0131yla iptal edilmi\u015f, ancak bu iptal edilen h\u00fck\u00fcmler daha da geni\u015fletilerek 22 Nisan 1986 y\u0131l\u0131nda 3278 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        \u00dcstelik 3278 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa ile eklenen h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle \u201d\u2026hangi \u00fclkeler ve veya hangi \u00fclkelerin uyruklar\u0131\u2026<\/em>\u201d diyerek sadece ki\u015filere de\u011fil \u00fclkelere de ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinme hakk\u0131 vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

        3278 Say\u0131l\u0131 yasa da 9 Ekim 1986 tarihinde Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan iptal edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

        2000\u2019li y\u0131llardan sonra, yabanc\u0131lara ta\u015f\u0131nmaz sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 tekrar g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015f, bu kere AB Uyum Yasalar\u0131 ve bu kapsamda sermayenin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engellerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

        S\u00fcre\u00e7 \u015fu \u015fekilde geli\u015fmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • 5 Haziran 2003 tarihinde Do\u011frudan Yabanc\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar Yasas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. Yasa\u2019da kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n
        • 3 Temmuz 2003 tarihinde Tapu Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f, Tapu Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesi ile K\u00f6y Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 87. maddesi y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n
        • 14 Mart 2005 tarihinde Tapu Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 3 Temmuz 2003\u2019te yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan 35. madde de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini Anayasa Mahkemesi iptal etmi\u015ftir. De\u011fi\u015ftirme ile iptal tarihleri aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcrede 7.5 milyon metrekare arazi sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n
        • 29 Aral\u0131k 2005 tarihinde Tapu Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 35.maddesi yeniden de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n
        • 11 Nisan 2007 tarihinde Tapu Yasas\u0131’n\u0131n 35. maddesinin 29.12.2005 tarihli Yasa ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilen baz\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nce iptal edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n
        • 11 Mart 2008 tarihinde 5 Haziran 2003 tarihli Do\u011frudan Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 3\/d bendi Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan iptal edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n
        • 3 Temmuz 2008 tarihinde Tapu Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesi de\u011fi\u015fik 1. ve 7. f\u0131kralar\u0131 ile birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n
        • 7.2008 tarihinde Tapu Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 3 Temmuz 2003\u2019de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lan ve bo\u015f bulunan 36. maddesi yerine, Do\u011frudan Yabanc\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n iptal edilen 3\/d maddesi de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek konmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n
        • 16 Ekim 2008 tarihinde Do\u011frudan Yabanc\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 3\/d bendinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Anayasa Mahkemesi’nce durdurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Hukuki d\u00fczenlemelerde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler sonucunda iller, y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn % 5\u2019i kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k aranmadan yabanc\u0131ya sat\u0131labilir hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

          TMMOB Harita ve Kadastro M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n May\u0131s\/2018 tarihinde yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildiride; \u201c…toprak sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 konusundaki \u0131srar\u0131n, 23 Haziran 2003 tarih ve 2003\/5930 say\u0131l\u0131 Bakanlar Kurulu Karar\u0131\u2019nda belirtildi\u011fi \u015fekilde, \u2018AB m\u00fcktesebat\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstlenilmesine dair ulusal programda, sermayenin serbest dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 4. maddesinde…T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki b\u00fct\u00fcn sekt\u00f6rlerde AB men\u015feli yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, AB vatanda\u015flar\u0131 ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin gayrimenkul edinimlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u2019 gerek\u00e7esine dayand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131; 2003\u2019ten ba\u015flayarak mevzuat\u0131m\u0131zdaki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n s\u00fcratle kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu d\u00fczenlemelerin \u00fclkeye bor\u00e7 verenler ile AB’nin istekleri \u00f6n ko\u015fulu ile yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

          Yabanc\u0131 \u015firketlere ta\u015f\u0131nmaz sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dahas\u0131 yabanc\u0131 ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filere yap\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n takip edilmekle birlikte yabanc\u0131 sermayeli \u015firketlere sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n sicilinin hi\u00e7bir kurumda tutulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2026\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n

          Hususlar\u0131 yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          Bildiride belirtilen gerek\u00e7elerin, 7 Sefer Kanunu gerek\u00e7eleri ile benze\u015fiyor olmas\u0131 ne kadar h\u00fcz\u00fcn vericidir.<\/p>\n

          \u00d6te yandan devam eden s\u00fcre\u00e7te, yabanc\u0131ya hi\u00e7bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama olmadan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz sat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na son y\u0131llarda bonus T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da eklenmi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 250 bin dolarl\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131nmaz alana veya \u00fclkeye 500 bin dolar getirene vatanda\u015fl\u0131k verildi\u011fi, hatta son g\u00fcnlerde \u00c7inlilerin 100 bin dolara ald\u0131klar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131lardan 250 bin olarak fatura etmelerini isteyerek vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ucuza kapatmak istediklerine dair haberler, medya organlar\u0131nda bile yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131nda vurgulanan en \u00f6nemli hususlardan biri, \u00fclke topraklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mesini, Tapu Kanunu\u2019nun 35. maddesindeki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi ile K\u00f6y Kanunu\u2019ndaki yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n k\u00f6y arazisinden ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinme yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nledi\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

          Ancak, 2003 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7te, K\u00f6y Kanunu\u2019nun 87. maddesi kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hatta B\u00fcy\u00fck \u015eehir Yasas\u0131 ile k\u00f6y t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi iptal edilmi\u015f, Tapu Kanunu de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f, Mera Kanunu g\u00f6rmezden gelinmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

          Gelinen noktada Osmanl\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet tecr\u00fcbesi \u00e7\u00f6pe at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n

          Osmanl\u0131 Devleti yabanc\u0131ya toprak satarken, hi\u00e7 de\u011filse o yabanc\u0131lar\u0131 tebaay\u0131 temsil ile de olsa kendi hukukuna tabi tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u015eimdi gelen yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 tahkim kapsam\u0131nda bizim hukukumuzun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve uluslararas\u0131 korumada olaca\u011f\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda\u00a0gelece\u011fe \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc zor hatta imk\u00e2ns\u0131z problemler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

          Anayasa Mahkemesinin,1984\/14 Esas,1985\/7 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 13.06.1985 tarihli karar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde belirtilen \u015fu husus, olduk\u00e7a a\u00e7\u0131k ve \u00f6nemlidir:<\/p>\n

          \u2018\u2019Yabanc\u0131ya sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f topraklar\u0131n yasal yollardan yerine g\u00f6re geri al\u0131nabilmesi olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00fcvenilemez. Yabanc\u0131n\u0131n her an kendi devletinin himayesinde oldu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir yola ba\u015fvurman\u0131n devletleraras\u0131 \u00e7etin sorunlar\u0131 davet etmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.<\/em>\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n

          Osmanl\u0131 Devleti d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 almaya ve toprak satmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra D\u00fcyunu Umumiye ile y\u00fcz y\u00fcze gelmi\u015fti. Niyazi Berkes, D\u00fcyunu Umumiye\u2019yi yabanc\u0131 alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n konsorsuyumu olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r ve D\u00fcyunu Umumiye ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrge valisi gibi hareket etti\u011fini yazar. Dilerim ki T\u00fcrk Devleti gelecekte egemenli\u011fine ortak olacak bir yabanc\u0131 m\u00fclk sahipleri konsorsuyumu ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmas\u0131n\u2026<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Yabanc\u0131lara arsa sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 Kanal \u0130stanbul projesi g\u00fczergah\u0131nda Katarl\u0131lar\u0131n arsa almas\u0131 ile son d\u00f6nemde tekrar g\u00fcndeme geldi. Veli Ta\u015f, Osmanl\u0131’dan bug\u00fcne yabanc\u0131lara arsa sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken dersleri anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":131,"featured_media":9355,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2,67],"tags":[1191,1190,1193,1192],"yoast_head":"\n150 y\u0131l sonra tekrar geldi\u011fimiz \u00e7\u0131kmaz: Yabanc\u0131lara toprak sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu<\/title>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/150-yil-sonra-tekrar-geldigimiz-cikmaz-yabancilara-toprak-satisi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"150 y\u0131l sonra tekrar geldi\u011fimiz \u00e7\u0131kmaz: Yabanc\u0131lara toprak sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yabanc\u0131lara arsa sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 Kanal \u0130stanbul projesi g\u00fczergah\u0131nda Katarl\u0131lar\u0131n arsa almas\u0131 ile son d\u00f6nemde tekrar g\u00fcndeme geldi. 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