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D\u00fcnya dergisi (Bak\u00fc), Say\u0131 1, 1993, s. 20-22. <\/em> Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Mill\u0259tl\u0259r T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n binas\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bu g\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Cumhuriyy\u0259tinin al bayra\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan, \u00d6zb\u0259kistan, Qazax\u0131stan, Q\u0131r\u011f\u0131z\u0131stan v\u0259 T\u00fcrkm\u0259nistan\u0131n da bayraqlar\u0131 \u00a0dal\u011falan\u0131r. T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n tarixind\u0259, \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz, bu \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck, epoxal hadis\u0259dir. Lakin h\u0259l\u0259 ne\u00e7\u0259-ne\u00e7\u0259 \u0259sir t\u00fcrk ell\u0259rimiz qal\u0131r. Yeni t\u00fcrk\u00a0 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri aya\u011fa dura bilm\u0259y\u0259n, yeni do\u011fulmu\u015f u\u015fa\u011fa b\u0259nz\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259dir, h\u0259tta bir ne\u00e7\u0259 t\u00fcrk elind\u0259 qan ax\u0131d\u0131l\u0131r. M\u0259nafel\u0259rin\u00a0 toqqu\u015fdu\u011fu d\u00fcnyam\u0131zda t\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ayaqlanm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 bu t\u0259bii gedi\u015fat\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0259p\u0259r \u00e7\u0259km\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn gec\u0259-g\u00fcnd\u00fcz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaqdad\u0131r. Bel\u0259 bir d\u00f6vrd\u0259, \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259, t\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131 geopolitik durumunu yet\u0259rinc\u0259 d\u0259rk etm\u0259li, dostunu- d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nini yax\u015f\u0131ca tan\u0131mal\u0131d\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131la g\u0259l\u0259n ilk t\u0259bii fikir is\u0259 t\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si fikridir. \u00dcmumt\u00fcrk siyasi fikrin\u0259 xo\u015fb\u0259xtlikd\u0259n \u00e7oxdand\u0131r t\u00fcrk h\u0259mr\u0259yliyi fikri daxil olmu\u015f, d\u0259yi\u015fk\u0259n \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rin t\u0259siri il\u0259 yeni formalar alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcn h\u0259min irs n\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 aktuald\u0131r, ondan faydalanmaq olarm\u0131?<\/p>\n Bir \u0259srd\u0259n \u00e7oxdur ki, t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n fikir h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 Turan ideal\u0131 ( m\u0259fkur\u0259si ) m\u0259\u015f\u011ful etm\u0259kd\u0259dir. D\u00fcnya t\u00fcrkologiyas\u0131 da el\u0259 bu q\u0259d\u0259r uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t i\u00e7ind\u0259 bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni mubahis\u0259 obyektin\u0259 \u00e7evirmi\u015f, t\u00fcrkl\u00fck dostu onu t\u0259bii siyasi-ideoloji c\u0259rayan hesab etmi\u015f, d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n is\u0259 hay-kuy salaraq d\u00fcnyan\u0131 onunla qorxutma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u00dcst\u0259lik, \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn i\u00e7imizd\u0259 d\u0259 \u201cTuran\u201d d\u0259y\u0259nd\u0259 \u0259li-aya\u011f\u0131 titr\u0259y\u0259n manqurtlar olmu\u015f, indi d\u0259 az deyil.<\/p>\n Bu \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z turan\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k [m\u00f6vzusunu ara\u015fd\u0131rmaq] m\u0259qs\u0259di da\u015f\u0131m\u0131r. M\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259rin m\u0259zmun v\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u0259 varmaq fikrimiz d\u0259 yoxdur. Bu y\u00f6nd\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f t\u00fcrk fikir h\u0259yat\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 aktual v\u0259 faydal\u0131 olmas\u0131 qeydi il\u0259 kifay\u0259tl\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k, turan\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k tarixind\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259mli h\u0259sab etdiyimiz b\u0259zi m\u0259qamlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na g\u0259tirm\u0259yi z\u0259ruri sayd\u0131q.<\/p>\n XIX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n Avropa v\u0259 Rusiyada milliy\u0259t\u00e7ilik h\u0259rakat\u0131 geni\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015f, slavyan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 panslavizm (slavyan birliyi), par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f alman torpaqlar\u0131nda pangermanizm (alman birliyi) v\u0259 s. birl\u0259\u015fdirici c\u0259rayanlar yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Panslavizmin t\u0259zyiqi alt\u0131nda qeyri-slavyan halqlar\u0131n\u0131n ziyal\u0131 n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri yollar axtar\u0131r, fikirl\u0259r ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r. M\u0259hz panslavizmin, qism\u0259n d\u0259 pangermanizmin t\u0259zyiqi alt\u0131nda macar ziyal\u0131lar\u0131 XIX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u201cTuran\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 elmi fikr\u0259 g\u0259tirdil\u0259r. Qanlar\u0131nda q\u0259dim hunlar\u0131n qan\u0131n\u0131n axd\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 f\u0259xr ed\u0259n macar aliml\u0259ri \u201cTuran\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na t\u00fcrk, monqol, tunqus, fin-uqor v\u0259 macar torpaqlar\u0131na daxil edirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n Turan co\u011frafi\u00a0 m\u0259nada bir zamanlar \u0130ran\u0131n \u015fimal-\u015f\u0259rqin\u0259 deyilmi\u015f, mifologiya v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyatda (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Firdovsinin\u00a0 \u201c\u015eahnam\u0259si\u201dsind\u0259 ) ad\u0131 ke\u00e7mi\u015fdir. Siyasi anlamda is\u0259 \u201cTuran b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 v\u0259 b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 bir ger\u00e7\u0259k olan b\u00f6y\u00fck v\u0259t\u0259nidir\u201d ( Z. G\u00f6yalp ) formas\u0131na alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Macar t\u00fcrkoloqlar\u0131n\u0131n istifad\u0259 etdikl\u0259ri \u201cTuran\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 Rusiya imperiyas\u0131 t\u0259rkibind\u0259 ya\u015fayan t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n qabaqc\u0131l n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rini c\u0259lb etmi\u015f, onlar aras\u0131nda X\u0130X \u0259sr boyu inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck c\u0259r\u0259yan\u0131n\u0131n siyasi t\u0259r\u0259fini t\u0259\u015fkil etmi\u015fdir. H\u0259l\u0259 1883-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u201cT\u0259rc\u00fcman\u201d q\u0259zetini t\u0259sis etmi\u015f \u0130smail b\u0259y Qasp\u0131ral\u0131 (Qasprinski) \u201cDild\u0259, fikird\u0259, i\u015fd\u0259 birlik!\u201d \u015f\u00fcar\u0131n\u0131 ir\u0259li s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. \u018fli b\u0259y H\u00fcseynzad\u0259 (Turan) 90-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cTuran\u201d \u015fe\u2019ri il\u0259 siyasi turan\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n (t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcy\u00fcn ) \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoydu. Macarlara m\u00fcraciy\u0259tl\u0259 \u018fli b\u0259y yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cSizsiniz, ey q\u00f6vmi-macar, bizl\u0259r\u0259 ixvan; \u0259cdad\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259rik\u0259n m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi Turan.\u201d Bu \u015fe\u2019rin\u0259 v\u0259 \u0130stanbulda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman bu y\u00f6nd\u0259 fikirl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Yusuf Ak\u00e7ura v\u0259 Ziya G\u00f6yalp Ali b\u0259y H\u00fcseynzad\u0259ni \u201cilk turan\u00e7\u0131\u201d adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Burada onu da \u0259lav\u0259 ed\u0259k ki, turanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ideoloji k\u00f6k\u00fcnd\u0259 bu zaman Avropada geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Qobinonun irq\u00e7ilik n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si dururdu. Bu n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259y\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq t\u00fcrk halqlar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fmala\u015fd\u0131ran ba\u011f\u0131 turan\u00e7\u0131lar irqi birlikd\u0259n ibar\u0259t hesab edirdil\u0259r. Amma t\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u0259rinin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 bol-bol rastlanan \u201cirq\u201d, \u201csoy\u201d k\u0259lm\u0259l\u0259ri \u015fovinist \u0259hval-ruhiyy\u0259d\u0259n uzaq olmu\u015f, m\u00fcdafi\u0259 xarakteri da\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Elmin sonrak\u0131 inki\u015faf\u0131 il\u0259 r\u0259dd edil\u0259n bu z\u0259if ideoloji bazaya (irq\u00e7iliy\u0259) baxmayaraq, turan\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131nda b\u00f6y\u00fck rol oynad\u0131. T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcy\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fck ideoloquna \u00e7evrilmi\u015f Ziya G\u00f6yalp\u0131n dediyi kimi, \u201cTuran m\u0259fkur\u0259si\u00a0 olmasayd\u0131, t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck bu q\u0259d\u0259r s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 yay\u0131mlayacaqd\u0131.\u201c<\/p>\n Daha sonra, x\u00fcsus\u0259n g\u0259nc t\u00fcrkl\u0259r inqilab\u0131ndan sonra Turan anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 ziyal\u0131lar\u0131 (t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259ri) aras\u0131nda geni\u015f yay\u0131ld\u0131. Ziya G\u00f6yalp az sonra \u201cTuran\u201d \u015fe\u2019rind\u0259 yazd\u0131: \u201cV\u0259t\u0259n n\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259dir T\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259, n\u0259 T\u00fcrk\u00fcstan; V\u0259t\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fc\u0259bb\u0259d bir \u00f6lk\u0259dir: Turan.\u201d<\/p>\n Lakin onu da d\u0259y\u0259k ki, turan\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n he\u00e7 vaxt, h\u0259tta \u018fnv\u0259r Pa\u015fa zaman\u0131nda bel\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t siyas\u0259ti s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 qalxmad\u0131. O d\u00f6vr t\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131 m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkirl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Turan-Osmanl\u0131 sultan\u0131n\u0131n (x\u0259lif\u0259nin) bayra\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00fcrk \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si kimi t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr olunurdu. Bu ideya \u0259n \u00e7ox Rusiya t\u00fcrkl\u0259rini c\u0259lb edirdi, \u00e7\u00fcnki Rusiya z\u00fclm\u00fcnd\u0259n azad olmaqda Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131 t\u0259bii m\u00fctt\u0259fiq idi.<\/p>\n Bununla bel\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck fikir bahad\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n ir\u0259li s\u00fcrd\u00fckl\u0259ri Turan ideali birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si v\u0259 ondan sonrak\u0131 siyasi hadis\u0259l\u0259r gedi\u015find\u0259 g\u0259r\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015f\u0259 bilm\u0259di. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259k.<\/p>\n Birincisi, t\u00fcrkl\u00fcy\u00fcn yegan\u0259 istinadgah\u0131 v\u0259 \u00fcmid yeri olan Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131 muharib\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259\u011flub oldu. Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131 n\u0259inki Rusiyada v\u0259 ba\u015fqa d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259ki t\u00fcrk milli h\u0259rakat\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 ed\u0259 bildi, h\u0259tta \u00f6z torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n bel\u0259 xeyli hiss\u0259sini itirdi.<\/p>\n \u0130kincisi v\u0259 \u0259n vacibi. T\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n geopolitik durumu (b\u00f6y\u00fck, da\u011f\u0131n\u0131q \u0259razini \u0259hat\u0259 etm\u0259si, bu \u0259razil\u0259r aras\u0131nda qeyri-t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si v\u0259 s.), t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n milli h\u0259r\u0259katlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif inki\u015faf s\u0259viyy\u0259si v\u0259 aralar\u0131ndak\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rin z\u0259ifliyi n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 t\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndak\u0131 h\u0259r\u0259katlar\u0131n m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259tin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b oldu.<\/p>\n Tarixi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 daha bir s\u0259b\u0259bi ortaya qoydu. Bu da milli prosesl\u0259rin \u00e7ox s\u00fcr\u2019\u0259tl\u0259 getdiyi XIX \u0259srin sonu-XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Rusiyadak\u0131 t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yerli milliy\u0259t\u00e7iliyin (m\u00fcsb\u0259t m\u0259nada ) artmas\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0259n yax\u0131n olan Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n n\u00fcmun\u0259si diqq\u0259ti \u00e7\u0259kir. 1918-ci ilin ba\u015flar\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycanda T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259k – ilhaq\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q h\u0259rakat\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 1918-ci ilin yanvar\u0131nda yaranm\u0131\u015f Qafqaz \u0130ttihad v\u0259 T\u0259r\u0259qqi Firq\u0259sinin program\u0131nda deyilir ki, \u201cfirq\u0259 h\u0259r \u015feyd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l b\u00fct\u00fcn Qafqasiya m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 ilhaq\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 xilaf\u0259t bayra\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edir.\u201d Bu t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq 1918-ci ilin may\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n ke\u00e7ici paytaxt\u0131 G\u0259nc\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015f Nuru Pa\u015fa q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri\u00a0 Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin fiziki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qorumaqla yana\u015f\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycandak\u0131 m\u00fcrt\u0259c\u0259 q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u0259l-qol a\u00e7maq imkan\u0131 yaratd\u0131. \u0130lhaq\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q daha da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u0259ndi. Lakin Az\u0259rbaycan milli-demokratik q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri bunun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ala bildil\u0259r. Az\u0259rbaycan h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 N. Yusifb\u0259yli ilhar ist\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 deyirdi: \u201cAz\u0259rbaycana bir t\u00fcrk ordusu g\u0259lm\u0259si ola bil\u0259r v\u0259 laz\u0131md\u0131r da. Ancaq qorxdu\u011fum bir n\u00f6qt\u0259 var, t\u00fcrkl\u0259r bizi\u00a0 \u0130stanbuldan idar\u0259y\u0259 qalxmas\u0131nlar\u2026 \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, Osmanl\u0131 t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri az\u0259ri t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin b\u00f6y\u00fck qarda\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Ancaq Bak\u0131 \u0130stanbuldan idar\u0259 edil\u0259m\u0259z.\u201d<\/p>\n Lenin-Stalin Rusiyas\u0131 ba\u015fqa xalqlar kimi t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131ndak\u0131 milli h\u0259r\u0259katlar\u0131 da amans\u0131zcas\u0131na \u0259zdi. 20-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 b\u0259zi t\u00fcrk ell\u0259rind\u0259 t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rirdis\u0259, sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259\u00a0 bu h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n dibin\u0259 balta vuruldu, onlar\u0131 bir-birind\u0259n ay\u0131rmaq v\u0259 manqurtla\u015fd\u0131rmaq siyas\u0259ti d\u00f6vl\u0259t s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcld\u00fc. T\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131na sovet rejimi d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 vurulmu\u015f z\u0259rb\u0259ni Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n timsal\u0131nda \u00f6z\u0259tl\u0259y\u0259k.<\/p>\n \u00c7ar d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u015fl\u0259r sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 yerin\u0259 yetirildi. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259n t\u0259crid \u0259tm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Z\u0259ng\u0259zur Erm\u0259nistana verildi, Bor\u00e7al\u0131 v\u0259 Ah\u0131sqa t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri vasit\u0259sil\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 olan \u00fczvi \u0259laq\u0259ni k\u0259sm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Ah\u0131sqa t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin ham\u0131s\u0131 (Bor\u00e7al\u0131 t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin is\u0259 bir hiss\u0259si) Qazax\u0131stana k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc; 1944-c\u00fc ild\u0259 h\u0259tta Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n yerli \u0259halisini Qazax\u0131stana k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259k plan\u0131 haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131; Sovet Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259zyiqi il\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan m\u00fchacir\u0259tinin siyasi f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti qada\u011fan edildi. T\u0259kc\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 deyil, Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131nda olan t\u00fcrk ell\u0259ri il\u0259 d\u0259 h\u0259r c\u00fcr m\u0259d\u0259ni, siyasi \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u0259ng\u0259l qoyuldu. B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 he\u00e7 bir xalqa r\u0259va g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259y\u0259n z\u00fclm\u00fc stalinizm Az\u0259rbaycanda h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdi; Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n yerli t\u00fcrk \u0259halisin\u0259 \u00f6z ad\u0131 il\u0259 adlanmaq qada\u011fan edildi. Yeni q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f lat\u0131n qrafiki ( T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 yenic\u0259 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdi ) kirill \u0259lifbas\u0131 il\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdirildi, \u00fcmumt\u00fcrk abid\u0259l\u0259rinin ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259km\u0259k yasaq say\u0131ld\u0131. \u201cT\u00fcrkiy\u0259 c\u0259susu\u201d, \u201cpant\u00fcrkist\u201d su\u00e7u il\u0259 mill\u0259tin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259n t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259si m\u0259hv edildi, bir s\u00f6zl\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rini milli \u015f\u00fcurundan m\u0259hrum etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259r c\u00fcr f\u0259sad yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu ill\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan siyasi fikrind\u0259 t\u00fcrk birliyi, t\u00fcrk dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 problemin\u0259 yeni bax\u0131\u015f meydana \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan siyas\u0131 m\u00fchacir\u0259ti tarixi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259ni analiz ed\u0259r\u0259k, bel\u0259 bir n\u0259tic\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259lir ki, t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n bir d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259rkibind\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyildir, real v\u0259zif\u0259 onlar aras\u0131nda \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rin qorunub saxlanmas\u0131ndan ibar\u0259t ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n M\u00fcsavat Partiyas\u0131n\u0131n 1936-c\u0131 il proqram\u0131nda t\u0259sbit edildi: \u201cB\u00f6y\u00fck t\u00fcrkl\u00fcy\u0259 m\u0259nsub bir m\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259t olmas\u0131 hesabil\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan dig\u0259r t\u00fcrk ell\u0259ri il\u0259 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u0259l sur\u0259td\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bundan \u0259vv\u0259l oldu\u011fu kibi, bundan sonra da qorunmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcsavat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q ciddiy\u0259tl\u0259 mudafi\u0259 ed\u0259r.\u201d M.\u018f. R\u0259sulzad\u0259, M.B. M\u0259mm\u0259dzad\u0259 v\u0259 ba\u015fqa ideoloqlar \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 art\u0131q \u201cYeni Turan\u201d terminind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Yeni Turan anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131 \u00f6z m\u00fcst\u0259qil d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rini qurmal\u0131, bu d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r aras\u0131nda s\u0131x \u0259laq\u0259 yaratmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, Turanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131nda yeni m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259 idi.<\/p>\n Sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259ki 70 illik siyas\u0259tin n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259dir. \u018fski sovet t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri aras\u0131ndak\u0131 \u0259lag\u0259l\u0259r q\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yerli \u0259d\u0259bi dill\u0259r formala\u015fm\u0131\u015f, yerli mill\u0259tl\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131 projesi ba\u015fa \u00e7atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Y\u0259\u2019ni r\u0259all\u0131q bel\u0259dir ki, bu g\u00fcn h\u0259tta bir d\u00f6vl\u0259t (SSR\u0130) t\u0259rkibind\u0259 olmu\u015f t\u00fcrk soylar\u0131 bel\u0259 \u00f6zl\u0259rini ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 mill\u0259tl\u0259r hesab edirl\u0259r. Ziya G\u00f6yalp\u0131n \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcy\u00fcn \u0259saslar\u0131\u201dnda uzaqg\u00f6r\u0259nlikl\u0259 qeyd etdiyi hadis\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015fdir: \u201c\u2026tatarlar, \u00f6zb\u0259kl\u0259r, q\u0131r\u011f\u0131zlar ayr\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u0259r ortaya \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131qlar\u0131 zaman, ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 mill\u0259tl\u0259r hal\u0131n\u0131 alacaqlar v\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 yaln\u0131z \u00f6z adlar\u0131 il\u0259 an\u0131lacaqlar.\u201d<\/p>\n Sovetl\u0259r Birliyi deyil\u0259n \u015f\u0259r imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcqutundan sonra, t\u00fcrk ell\u0259rind\u0259ki milli h\u0259r\u0259katlar\u0131n gedi\u015fi s\u00fcbut etdi ki, bu g\u00fcn g\u00fcnd\u0259likd\u0259 yaln\u0131z Yeni Turan\u0131n, y\u0259\u2019ni m\u00fcst\u0259qil t\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin v\u0259 onlar aras\u0131nda s\u0131x \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131, t\u00fcrk insan\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcasir d\u00fcnyaya layiq ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259min edilm\u0259si problemi durur. Dem\u0259li, Yeni Turan\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fcnd\u0259 demokratiya, insan haqlar\u0131 u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 durur. Ondan he\u00e7 bir mill\u0259t\u0259 ziyan d\u0259ym\u0259z. \u0130slam Birliyi (panislamizm ) deyil\u0259n ideal indi \u0130slam Konfrans\u0131 T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n timsal\u0131nda ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fib. Onill\u0259rl\u0259 islam al\u0259minin birliyind\u0259n\u00a0 xoflanan Q\u0259rb\u0259 bundan n\u0259 ziyan d\u0259ydi? Niy\u0259 \u00e7e\u015fidli t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 il\u0259 Avropa evi olur, \u018fr\u0259b D\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri Birliyi olur, dey\u0259k ki, T\u00fcrk D\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri Birliyi olmas\u0131n? Bu, haqq i\u015fidir v\u0259 bel\u0259 bir birlik art\u0131q yaranmaq \u00fczr\u0259dir.<\/p>\n T\u0259xmin\u0259n 200 milyon \u0259halisi olan t\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u0259mli hiss\u0259si Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131-yuxar\u0131 30 milyondan ibar\u0259t olan Az\u0259rbaycan, d\u00fcnya t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri i\u00e7ind\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259n sonra ikinci yeri tutur. D\u00fcnya mill\u0259tl\u0259ri i\u00e7ind\u0259 is\u0259 say bax\u0131m\u0131ndan 32-35-ci yerd\u0259dir. Q\u00fczey Az\u0259rbaycan 86 min kvadrat kilometrlik \u0259razid\u0259n ibar\u0259t olmas\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 250 min kvadrat kilometrlik \u0259raziy\u0259 \u00a0malik olan [B\u00fct\u00f6v] Az\u0259rbaycan, Orta \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259mli geopolitik duruma sahibdir. Avropan\u0131 Asiya il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n Orta \u0259sr \u201c\u0130p\u0259k yolu\u201d Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131ndan ke\u00e7ir. Eyni zamanda \u015e\u0259rq t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri il\u0259 Q\u0259rb t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri aras\u0131ndak\u0131 k\u00f6rp\u00fc d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycand\u0131r. T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259y\u0259rli siyas\u0259t adam\u0131 v\u0259 lid\u0259ri M.\u018f.R\u0259sulzad\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 1920-ci ild\u0259 demi\u015fdi: \u201c\u018fski Turan\u0131n g\u00f6b\u0259yind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan nam\u0131nda bir g\u0259nc, igid d\u0259liqanl\u0131 var. Yeni Turan\u0131n anahdar\u0131 ondad\u0131r. Onunla anla\u015fmazl\u0131q \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131rsan, \u00f6nc\u0259 onun k\u00f6nl\u00fcn\u00fc q\u0131r\u0131b k\u0259ndisin\u0259 bir z\u0259r\u0259r verirs\u0259n, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7abalar\u0131n bo\u015funa, \u0259m\u0259kl\u0259rin xarab, taxt\u0131n b\u0259rbad olur.\u201d<\/p>\n T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259ri Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n strateji \u00f6n\u0259mini, a\u00e7ar rolunu yax\u015f\u0131 bildikl\u0259rind\u0259n Qaraba\u011f problemini ortaya atd\u0131lar. \u00dczd\u0259niraq erm\u0259ni ideoloqlar\u0131 Balayan v\u0259 Qriqoryan 1989-cu ild\u0259 \u0259ski SSR\u0130 Silahl\u0131 Q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri ba\u015f q\u0259rargah\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259k r\u00fctb\u0259li zabitl\u0259ri qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda etdikl\u0259ri m\u0259ruz\u0259d\u0259 Qaraba\u011f\u0131n erm\u0259nil\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 Turan\u0131n qurulmas\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran bir h\u0259r\u0259kat kimi \u0259sasland\u0131rma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar. Araz \u00e7ay\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 tikilmi\u015f v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131van\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n S\u0259d\u0259r\u0259k k\u00f6rp\u00fcs\u00fc erm\u0259ni m\u0259tbuat\u0131nda \u201cTuran k\u00f6rp\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d adlan\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n olanda n\u0259 olar, d\u00fcz deyirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini Rusiya da yax\u015f\u0131 d\u0259rk etmi\u015fdir, ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 rus \u015fovinizmi Az\u0259rbaycana m\u00fcnasib\u0259td\u0259 ciddi t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6rm\u0259y\u0259 c\u0259hd edir. \u00c7\u00fcnki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00f6vc\u00fcdiy\u0259ti Rusiya Federasiyas\u0131 daxilind\u0259ki \u015eimali Qafqaz v\u0259 Volga (\u0130dil) boyu t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin milli h\u0259r\u0259katlar\u0131n\u0131 da alovland\u0131rmaqdad\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qillik u\u011frunda h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan n\u00fcmun\u0259si \u00e7ox \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli amildir v\u0259 bu x\u00fcsus Rusiyan\u0131 rahats\u0131z etm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Orta Asiya respublikalar\u0131n\u0131n tamamil\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil v\u0259 demokratik d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qil v\u0259 demokratik bir d\u00f6vl\u0259t kimi aya\u011fa durmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Qaraba\u011f problemi t\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ortaq problemidir. Bu problemin erm\u0259nil\u0259r lehin\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan t\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 yeni t\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259sirli t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6rm\u0259k m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259dirl\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin \u0259dal\u0259tli h\u0259lli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259mr\u0259yliyi \u00e7ox \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlidir. Probl\u0259min\u00a0 h\u0259lli t\u0259qdirind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndak\u0131 borcunu v\u0259 tarixi missiyas\u0131n\u0131 g\u0259r\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259 bil\u0259r. \u018fslind\u0259 t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcy\u00fcn m\u0259rk\u0259zi indi art\u0131q Bak\u0131ya, \u00f6z m\u0259din\u0259sin\u0259 k\u0259\u00e7mi\u015fdir. \u0130nan\u0131r\u0131q ki, yax\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 yaranacaq T\u00fcrk D\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri Birliyinin (ya da bir ba\u015fqa adda analoji t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n) m\u0259nzil q\u0259rargah\u0131 da Bak\u0131da olacaqd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yuxar\u0131da s\u00f6yl\u0259dikl\u0259rimizi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yekunla\u015fd\u0131ra bil\u0259rik:<\/p>\n \u00d6z missiyas\u0131n\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan, Qaraba\u011f problemini vaxt itirm\u0259d\u0259n h\u0259ll etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cburdur v\u0259 bu bax\u0131mdan t\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131 b\u0259yn\u0259lxalq h\u00fcquq mexanizmi \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycana yard\u0131m etm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n
\nMakaleni Kiril\u2019den Latin alfabesine <\/em>
\nAnkara \u00dcniversitesi Dil, Tarih ve Co\u011frafya Fak\u00fcltesi <\/em>
\n\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk Leh\u00e7eleri ve Edebiyatlar\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc <\/em>
\n\u00f6\u011frencisi Hatun Kuzu aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em>
\n Orijinalin \u00f6zellikleri korunmu\u015ftur. <\/em><\/p>\nTuran harad\u0131r v\u0259 Turan\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q n\u0259dir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Yeni Turan ideal\u0131 nec\u0259 do\u011fdu?<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Yeni Turanda yeri <\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n